Wesley's solution to pay off debts in the Methodist Movement

 

 

 

Odilon Massolar Chaves

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Copyright © 2026, Odilon Massolar Chaves

All rights reserved to the author.

It is allowed to read, copy and share for free.

Article 184 of the Penal Code and Law 96710 of February 19, 1998.

Books published in the Wesleyan Digital Library: 834

Books published by the author: 874

Address: https://bibliotecawesleyana.blogspot.com

Cover: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YmaJPadESlc

Odilon Massolar Chaves is a retired Methodist pastor, with a doctorate in Theology and History from the Methodist University of São Paulo.

Son of Rev. Adherico Ribeiro Chaves and Roza Massolar Chaves.

He is married to RoseMary.

He has two daughters: Liliana and Luciana.

His thesis dealt with the Methodist revival in England in the eighteenth century and its contribution as a paradigm for our days.

 

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Table of Contents

 

 

·       Introduction

·       Origin of debts and the solution to pay them off

·       Rules to fight debts

·    Dubar, the Methodist Preaching House that was about to close, but survived the debts

·       All the debt of the Methodists

·       Old debt

·       Once the current debt on it is paid, then this bond is null

·    I am in no hurry to build without having paid off some more of our debts

·      If you can build preaching houses without increasing the General Debt, it is good

·       But for this they were inevitably involved in debt

·       We should not increase our debt this year

·       I will be willing to have the entire weekly quotation destined to settle the debts

·       And if the cost of the wives is too high, I'll help them

·       You do very well getting subscriptions to pay off that debt at Birstall

·       A method to pay off debts

·       Don't spend more than you receive

·       This is not true, despite the heavy debt that covered it

·   I thought it strange that poor S.F. should leave me nine hundred pounds in debt

·       You could print an issue of the Christian Model and apply the proceeds from it to pay off the debt.

·       How are they in debt now?

·  Together with the new chapel, it will cost, with a very moderate calculation, more than six thousand pounds

·       Rational perspective of paying off all debt in one year

·       Wesley's effort to pay off the Connection's debts

·       We believe that the debt can be paid off in one year

·       Very Diligent About General Debt

·       Project to pay debts and take the gospel across the three kingdoms

·    The 1769 minutes detail how 2,458 19s. 7d. were used in the discharge of debts

·       We all believe that the debt can be paid off in one year

·       If we pay the debt in one year

·       All money subscribed in Ireland for the payment of the General Debt

·       'How, then, did man break'

·       If T. Colbeck had done as I ordered, he would have been paid long ago

·       I fear that the debt will never be paid

·       Be just or merciful

·       Who will pay this debt

·       We should not continue in Dunbar in this way. In fact, we should get out of here. For who will pay this debt

·       So that, in a few years, it can pay off its own debt

·       And now the debt is paid

·       You must stop local preachers who are full of debt

·       Stay out of debt

·       I borrowed it to pay Mr. Perdo

·       There was little administration in the Orphans' House

 

 

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Introduction

 

 

"Wesley's Solution to Pay Off Debts in the Methodist Movement" is a 62-page book based especially on Wesley's letters.

"The movement grew fast. The money from local offerings did not pay for the costs. Wesley took personal responsibility for this heavy debt and campaigned constantly to pay it off." ^[1]

Wesley had a purpose to pay off debts. Writing to Alexander Clark, May 19, 1772, Wesley said, "Whenever the Gravel Walk house shall be settled like our other houses, I shall be willing that the whole weekly quotation shall be destined to settle it of debts. Be patient, and everything will be fine." ^[2]

It was necessary to take action to avoid further debt. One of the solutions to pay off debts was the creation of stewards in Methodism.

In Dunbar, Scotland, the matter was so serious that Wesley even considered moving the Preaching House from the site. Writing to Joseph Benson on  January 8, 1774, he said, "We must not continue at Dunbar in this way. In fact, we should get out of here. For who will pay this debt." ^[3] But he survived, and  on March 1, 1790, Wesley wrote and said that he would be preaching in Dunbar. ^[4]

Wesley made every effort to help support the preachers and family for the advancement of Methodism. Writing to Matthew Lowes on September 8, 1761, Wesley said, "The Society there need not be frightened by a married preacher, considering that we have paid forty pounds of their debt by collection. And if the cost of the wives is too high, I will help them." ^[5] 

Wesley devised a plan to pay off debts. Writing to Robert Costerdine on November 24, 1767, Wesley speaks of the "Annual Subscription" for paying off debts: "In the minutes of the Conference held at Leeds last year, the whole debt of the Methodists, considered as a single body, appeared to be 11,338. I think today it's more or less the same thing, maybe a little more or less. The Annual Subscription was created to pay for this. And this helped a little to this, in addition to responding to many other excellent purposes, for which it was also intended from the beginning". ^[6]

The 'Yearly Subscription' was a plan created by John Wesley to pay off the debts for the construction of Methodist chapels. Wealthy members contributed a fixed amount per year. This helped the smaller chapels not to close." [7]

 

A situation that accompanied Wesley during the long years of his ministry, but which he sought to resolve wisely.

 

A theme that leads us to understand that this is an old issue, but that there may be a solution to pay off debts in the area of the Church.

 

The Author

 

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Origin of debts and the solution to pay them off

 

 

"The General Debt referred to the outstanding balance of the construction and maintenance of chapels (such as the New Room in Bristol and the City Road in London). The movement grew fast. The money from local offerings did not pay for the costs. Wesley took personal responsibility for this heavy debt and campaigned constantly to pay it off." [8]

The cause of some debts was mismanagement. Writing to Christopher Hopper, on 21 March 1773, Wesley said: "It is certain that there was little administration in the Orphans' House, or you would not have a penny of debt. However, do everything you can to pay off the General Debt." ^[9]

Writing to the Members and Friends of the Methodist Societies, October 18, 1776, Wesley said: "The Society in London has rendered assistance to its brethren in various parts of England. They have been doing this for over thirty years; They did so cheerfully and generously. In the first year of the subscription of the General Debt, they subscribed more than nine hundred pounds, in the next about three hundred, and not much less in all the following years." ^[10] 

"The term also described the financial deficit of missionaries. The fund to support the itinerant preachers and their families often did not have enough money. The Methodist Church depended on donations to cover these operating costs and maintain the work." [11]

Writing to Matthew Lowes on September 8, 1761, Wesley said, "The Society there need not be frightened by a married preacher, considering that we have paid forty pounds of their debt by collection. And if the cost of the wives is too high, I will help them." ^[12] 

John Wesley hated debt. He saw debt as a threat to the Christian faith and an obstacle to charity. Therefore, he implemented strict rules. He determined that no chapel could be built without money in hand to pay for at least a substantial part of the work, avoiding future debt." [13]

 

Rules to fight debts

 

"Personal Aversion to Debt

As a child, Wesley's father spent time in prison due to the accumulation of financial debts. This marked the life of the founder of Methodism. As a result, he hated debt and considered it a Christian character flaw to  spend more than one earns.

Rules for Methodism

To avoid financial collapse, Wesley demanded that societies and their leaders be rigorously disciplined." [14]

Wesley himself set the example. Writing to Jasper Winscom on March 13, 1790, he said, "I am in no hurry to build without having paid some more of our debts. Nor am I in a hurry to multiply preachers or divide circuits. Most of our circuits are too small instead of too big." ^[15] 

"Spending control: Prohibited contracting new debts without prior knowledge". [16]

Toward the end of his life, writing to Thomas Tattershall, on April 3, 1790, Wesley said, "Then you have reason to acknowledge that God has not forgotten to be merciful. If you can build preaching houses without increasing the General Debt, it is good; But other than that, it will consume us. But I have nothing more to do with these issues. I have appointed a Building Committee and will leave to them everything that concerns construction for the future. In all these parts of the kingdom there is a good measure of God's work." ^[17]

"Poverty and loans: Created an interest-free loan bank to help the poor pay off urgent debts. 

Growth of the movement: The focus was on local self-sufficiency and the quick payment of any building or chapel built." [18] 

There was a fundraising campaign aimed at paying off debts. Writing to Henry Brooke on May 25, 1768, Wesley said, "I desire that all the money subscribed in Ireland for the payment of the General Debt be deposited in the hands of George Grant, James Martin, and James Freeman as trustees." ^[19]

"Wesley's Three Financial Rules

Wesley preached the concept of the financial priesthood, where everything belongs to God and man is only an administrator (steward). He summarized his vision in three principles:

1.  Earn all you can: Work diligently. Never cause harm to yourself or others.

2.  Save all you can: Avoid spending on luxury, waste, or unnecessary items. This guaranteed capital for the work.

3.  Donate all you can: After paying off debts and meeting basic needs, all surplus should be passed on to the poor and to the expansion of the church."[20]

  

Dubar, the Methodist Preaching House that was about to close, but survived the debts

 

In Dunbar, Scotland, the matter was so serious that Wesley even considered moving the Preaching House from the site.

 Writing to Joseph Benson on  January 8, 1774, he said, "We must not continue at Dunbar in this way. In fact, we should get out of here. For who will pay this debt." ^[21]

But in 1777, he said: "Let Berwick be taken directly to the Newcastle Circuit, and Dunbar be supplied once every fortnight from Edinburgh." ^[22]

And on March 1, 1790, Wesley said he would be preaching at Dunbar. ^[23]

"Dunbar Methodist Church is the oldest functioning Methodist church in Scotland. Founded in 1764, it was John Wesley's favorite haunt.  He called it 'the most joyful house in all the Kingdom.' ^[24] 

Wesley's Visits: John Wesley and his brother Charles were trustees of Dunbar Chapel. John preached there 21 times on his missionary tours of Scotland. 

The Original Chapel: Built in 1764, it was the third Methodist chapel built in Scotland, but it is the only one that has survived to this day. 

Historical Relics: The chapel features beautiful Victorian stained glass windows and a historic oak pulpit that came from St Giles' Cathedral in Edinburgh.

 

Current Merger: In 2015, the Methodist congregation merged with St Anne's Scottish Episcopal Church. Today, they share the same spaces and worship together in Dunbar." [25]

 

 

All the debt of the Methodists

 

In the minutes of the Conference held at Leeds last year, the whole debt of the Methodists, considered as a single body, appeared to be 11,338. I think today it's more or less the same thing, maybe a little more or less. The Annual Subscription was created to pay for this. And that helped a little to that, besides answering many other excellent purposes, for which it was also intended from the beginning.

 

For Robert Costerdine

LONDON, November 24, 1767.

MY DEAR BROTHER,-- A few days ago, I received a letter from a gentleman, the contents of which, with some amendments, I enclose:—

REVEREND SIR,-- In the minutes of the Conference held at Leeds last year, the whole debt of the Methodists, considered as a single body, appeared to be 11,338. I think today it's more or less the same thing, maybe a little more or less. The Annual Subscription was created to pay for this. And that helped a little to that, besides answering many other excellent purposes, for which it was also intended from the beginning. But it should be a long time before it can respond to that design; as hitherto it was so small, that it scarcely more than supplied the annual necessities. Meanwhile, this debt remains a constant burden on their shoulders and a constant rebuke to all Societies. If this debt could be discharged, it would be a relief to his mind, an honour to the whole body, and a glorious proof of our care to secure honest things in the eyes of all men.

But how is it possible to raise an amount as large as 11,000? I believe that it is not only possible, but easy, much easier than many imagine, to do this in two years, by the following simple method, without burdening either the rich or the poor. First, as it is for the glory of God and the advancement of His cause, let us implore His blessing upon our honest pursuits. So let us willingly and sincerely devote ourselves to the work, and by His grace it will be accomplished. I suppose the Societies in Great Britain and Ireland have twenty-four thousand members: one-fourth of these, if they sign according to the following scheme, will pay off the whole debt in two years:

Guineas Subscribers In two years.

1,000 in two 4,200

1,000 one and a half 3,150

1,000 um 2,100

1,000 three-bedroom 1,575

1,000 half 1,050

1,000 per quarter, 525

In total, 12,600

This amount can be paid annually, quarterly, or in any way subscribers wish. The great objection is that there are not so many people in our societies who are able and willing to contribute so much. Maybe so. But aren't there some who are able and willing to contribute more? Is there none who earns hundreds of pounds a year, or who has two or three thousand pounds before? And none of them will give ten, twenty, maybe fifty guineas in a case like this, of such general concern, and that can only happen once in a lifetime. By this method, the poor will be completely dismissed, unless one of them decides to throw their own money away.

Praying God to grant success to this and all your endeavors for His glory, I remain His affectionate friend and servant, A. H.

I think you love me and love the cause I'm engaged to. You want to relieve me of any burden you can. You sincerely desire the salvation of souls and the prosperity of God's work. Will you not then exert yourself on such an occasion as this? Won't you take advantage of the opportunity willingly? It certainly won't be trapped in its own guts. Do as God has made you prosper. And do it willingly, not out of necessity, knowing that God loves a cheerful giver.--I am

Your affectionate brother.

So far, the printed circular, signed as 'J. Wesley'. In a note to Costerdine, then at the Haworth Circuit, Wesley adds:

MY DEAR BROTHER,-- I wrote to T. Colbeck, Jam. Greenwood, Jo. Greenwood, Sutcliffe, Southwell, Garforth and Littledale. The rest of your circuit I leave to you. Leave no stone unturned. When you receive the printed letters, seal, write and deliver in my name to anyone who wants. Be active. Goodbye! ^[26]

 

Old debt

 

Where the fifty-four pounds (old debt) are due, and where the three hundred and sixty-three are due.

 

For Francis Wolfe

LONDON, November 22, 1772.

DEAR FRANCIS,--Where are the fifty-four pounds (old debt) due, and where the three hundred and sixty-three [Wolfe (who ceased to travel in 1782) was now Assistant in Gloucestershire.]

You must speak directly and freely with Brother Seed. [See letter of June 23, 1771.] Before the illness, I fear that he had already lost a lot of ground. He was to receive this outpouring as a call from God, and for time to come alive as it did when he first traveled.

Let both strongly exhort believers everywhere to "press on to perfection"; otherwise, they cannot keep what they have.--I am, with affection to Sister Wolfe,

Your affectionate friend and brother.

To Mr. Wolfe, at Mr. King's house, in Stroud, Gloucestershire. ^[27]

 

Once the current debt on it is paid, then this bond is null

 

 'The condition of this obligation is such that, if A, B, C, D, etc., the proprietors of the preaching house at Trowbridge, recently built for the use of the Methodists, grant a bond to establish the said house in seven trustees chosen by Mr. Wesley as soon as the present debt upon it shall be paid, then this bond is void:  otherwise, it will remain in full force.'

 

 

For Friends in Trowbridge

BATH, March 3, 1790.

MY DEAR BROTHER, -- I have only one thing in mind -- to keep all the Methodists of Great Britain as a connected people. But this cannot be done unless the Conference, and not the trustees, appoint all its preachers. Therefore the title which I recommend to the owners of all the unestablished preaching houses is as follows: 'The condition of this obligation is such that, if A, B, C, D, etc., the owners of the preaching house at Trowbridge, recently built for the use of the Methodists, grant a security to establish the said house in seven trustees chosen by Mr. Wesley as soon as the present debt upon it shall be paid,  then this bond is void: otherwise it shall remain in full force.' Long texts I abhor. This is neither too long nor too short. Any of you who write fairly can write this down if it is on properly stamped paper, without a lawyer. -- I am, my dear brothers,

Your affectionate brother. ^[28]

 

I am in no hurry to build without having paid off some more of our debts

 

I am in no hurry to build without having paid some more of our debts. Nor am I in a hurry to multiply preachers or divide circuits. Most of our circuits are too small instead of too big

 

 

For Jasper Winscom

BRISTOL, March 13, 1790.

DEAR JASPER, The account of Thomas Whitwood [A young man on the Isle of Wight who died suddenly while screaming, whose terrible providence was followed by an outpouring of the Spirit upon the Society and the congregation.] is very remarkable, and the story is well told; and God did him much honor for the happy effects that were the consequences of his death. [A young man on the Isle of Wight who died suddenly while screaming, terrible providence followed by an outpouring of the Spirit upon the Society and the congregation.]

I am in no hurry to build without having paid some more of our debts. Nor am I in a hurry to multiply preachers or divide circuits. Most of our circuits are too small instead of too big. I wish we didn't have any circuit with less than three preachers on it or less than four hundred miles riding in four weeks. Certainly no circuit will be divided before the Conference. If we are not careful, we will all degenerate into vaissas. Soldiers of Christ, arise!

--I am, dear Jasper,

With affection.

To Mr. J. Winscom at the Preaching House in Sarum. ^[29]

 

 

If you can build preaching houses without increasing the General Debt, it is good

 

Then you have reason to recognize that God has not forgotten to be merciful. If you can build preaching houses without increasing the General Debt, it is good; But other than that, it's going to consume us

 

 

To Thomas Tattershall

MANCHESTER, April [3], 1790.

DEAR TOMMY, -- Then you have reason to acknowledge that God has not forgotten to be merciful. If you can build preaching houses without increasing the General Debt, it is good; But other than that, it will consume us. But I have nothing more to do with these issues. I have appointed a Building Committee and will leave to them everything that concerns construction for the future. In all these parts of the kingdom there is a good measure of God's work. It will be so everywhere if the preachers are holy and zealous men. -- I am, dear Tommy,

Your affectionate friend and brother.

To Mr. Tattershall, in the

Preaching house in Norwich. ^[30]

 

But for this they were inevitably involved in debt

 

When we could not rent any place that could contain the congregation, they were obliged to build; but for this they were inevitably involved in debts, some of them amounting to several hundred pounds

 

 

To the Bristol Societies

 [October, 1764.]

 

MY DEAR BRETHREN,-- I was greatly comforted among you the last time I was with you, finding that my labor was not in vain. Many of you have found rejoicing in God your Savior, walking in the light of His countenance, and studying to have a conscience void of offense against God and man. To help you in this, let me remind you of a few things that I consider to be of great importance, so that you may maintain the life of faith and the testimony of good conscience before God. E,--

1. For God's sake, for the honour of the gospel, for the good of your country, and for the sake of your own souls, beware of bribes. Before you see me again, the trial will be at the General Election for Members of Parliament. In no case accept money or value of money. Maintain purity. Give, not sell, your vote. Don't touch the damn thing, lest it bring an explosion upon you and your house.

2. Have nothing to do with stolen goods. Neither sell nor sell anything that hasn't paid the tax — no, not if you can afford it for half price. Do not deceive the King more than your fellow subject. Never think about being religious unless you are honest. What does a thief have to do with religion? Here think not of men, but of the Word of God; And whatever others do, keep yourselves pure.

3. Do not miss an opportunity to receive the sacrament. All who neglected this suffered losses; Most of them are dead as stones: therefore be constant here, not only for example, but for the sake of your own souls.

4. To the public, constantly add the private means of grace, especially prayer and reading. Most of you have been very much in need of it; And without it you can never grow in grace. It is better to wait for a child to grow up without food as a soul without private prayer; And reading is an excellent help in this. I advise you to read the New Testament in private, constantly and carefully; Lessons for Children, which are all the choicest parts of the Old Testament, with short notes; Instructions for Children, which are a body of divinity for ordinary people; and that golden treatise The Christian Model; the Simple Account of the Methodists. No Methodist should be without it, nor without Primitive Medicine, which (if you have any care for your bodies or your children) should be in every house. For everyone who can understand it, I recommend one more book, A Preservative Against Unestablished Notions; a book that, by God's blessing, can help you not to be tossed by different winds of doctrine. Let me give one more piece of advice on this point: do not encourage raw young people to exhort among yourselves. This does little good for either you or them. Instead, in every Society, where there is no experienced preacher, let one of the leaders read the Notes [His Explanatory Notes on the New Testament] or the Christian Library. From this, the wisest among you can benefit much, a thousand times more, than listening to advanced young people who speak neither English nor common sense.

5. Let all you who have faith come together together without excuse and without delay. There was a shameful neglect of it. Remove that scandal. Once the Assistant fixes your band, be aware of never making a mistake without an absolute necessity; And the Preacher meeting you all together one night in two will be an added blessing.

6. If you meet your band constantly, I have no doubt that you will find your class constantly; in fact, otherwise you are not part of our Society. Those who miss class three times in a row are excluded, and the preacher who comes next should divulge his name. I would like you to consider this. Don't stop between two. Find the brothers, or leave them. It is not honest to profess a Society and not observe its rules. So be consistent with yourself. Never miss class until you miss it for good. And when you find him, be merciful to his power; give as God allows you. If you are not in urgent need, give something, and you will not be poorer for it. Do not hold grudges, do not fear; lend to the Lord, and He will surely repay. If you earn only three shillings a week and give a penny of it, you will never run out. But I do not say that to you, who have ten or fifteen shillings a week and give only a penny! Seeing this has often grieved my spirit. I'm ashamed of you, if you're not ashamed of yourself. Why, by the same rule that you give a penny, that poor man would give a grain of pepper! O he is ashamed before God and man! Don't get caught up in your own intestines. Donate in proportion to your content. You can pay a shilling better than he can a penny. This is more for him than this for you. Open your eyes, your heart, your hand. If this rule were observed throughout England, we would not need another collection. It would soon form a sufficient stock to relieve all necessities and meet all occasions. Many of these occasions are now extremely urgent, and we are not able to answer them; so that the cause of God suffers and the children of God, and that without remedy.

7. This is largely due to the fact that we do not regard ourselves (all Methodists) as one body. Doubtless they are so throughout Great Britain and Ireland; and, therefore, they were considered at our last Conference. Then we seriously consider the heavy burden that now rests upon our brothers in various parts. When we could not rent any place that could contain the congregation, they were obliged to build; but for this they were inevitably involved in debts, some of them amounting to several hundred pounds. The Assistants were desired to present this case to all our brethren in England, and to receive what each one was willing to give, whether at that time, at Easter, or at the summer solstice. But most of them didn't think about it anymore. Four or five of them succeeded, and brought all the surroundings; 200 at our last Conference. This was divided among our Societies that were most afflicted; and all the Assistants were invited, when visiting the classes at Christmas, to ask every person, poor or rich, 'What will you give for the relief of the brethren, give now, at Easter or at the summer solstice; it's all one.' If this is done with great sincerity, I trust that in two or three years all our Societies will be able to get out of debt. And therefore all men will know whose disciples we are, because we love one another.

8. I mention one more thing. Let all who are able share constantly in the morning preaching. Whenever Methodist preachers or people put this aside, they will soon sink into nothingness. "I am, my dear brethren, your affectionate brother. ^[31]

 

We should not increase our debt this year

 

If Crowan or the Buryan Society can afford the construction costs on their own, we have no objection; But we should not increase our debt this year. That's what we decided. If you build, build big enough. In general, we don't pay rent with public stock, but seek help from friends on the circuit

 

To Thomas Rankin

LONDON, November 6, 1764.

DEAR TOMMY,--If Crowan or the Buryan Society can afford the construction costs on their own, we have no objection; But we should not increase our debt this year. That's what we decided. If you build, build big enough. In general, we do not pay rent with the public stock, but seek help from friends on the circuit. For the first time, we can allow forty shillings.

I'll write to Plymouth Dock in this post. I hope John Catermole (a sound technician) will come to help you. Either I'm going to fix William Darney or I'm going to finish him off. He can't go on like this.

Spread the small pieces wherever you go. You know the solid good that results from this. Continue; spend and be spent by a good Master.--I am, dear Tommy, your affectionate friend and brother. ^[32]

 

I will be willing to have the entire weekly quotation destined to settle the debts

 

Whenever the Gravel Walk house is settled like our other houses, I will be willing to have the entire weekly quotation go towards settling her debts. Be patient, and everything will be fine

 

 

To Alexander Clark

EDINBURGH, May 19, 1772.

MY DEAR BROTHER,--Brother Kidd is not only an honest and upright man, but also a dedicated man. I'm glad he's willing to share with you the hassle of being a Book Steward. It's a good idea. But by all means, print catalogs and ship throughout the kingdom. I see no impropriety in allowing the nine pounds; the Assistant can pay for this with the weekly subscription portion. The Rules of Stewards you have in the Simple Account of the People called Methodists. [See letter in December, 1748, section IX. 3, to Vincent Perronet.] Remember that one of them is: 'Do not expect thanks from the man.' If you ever forget this, you will probably be tired and weak in mind. Remember, too, that a steward should inform the preacher of anything he thinks is wrong. In my private judgment, I think one preacher is enough for the New Room and the Gravel Walkway as well. I should dance and sing if I didn't have more work than that. But I have letter after letter to the contrary. However, let our brethren meet and consult together, and I presume I should hardly object to anything they agree to. Whenever the Gravel Walk house is settled like our other houses, I will be willing to have the entire weekly quotation go towards settling her debts. Be patient, and all will be well.--I am, dear Alleck,

Your affectionate brother.

For Mr. Alex. Clark, The New Room, Dublin. ^[33]

 

And if the cost of the wives is too high, I'll help them

 

The Society there need not be frightened by a married preacher, considering that we pay forty pounds of their debt in collection. And if the cost of the wives is too high, I'll help them

 

To Matthew Lowes

LONDON, September 8, 1761. 

MY DEAR BROTHER,--If local preachers who differ from us keep their opinions to themselves, then they may preach in our Societies; otherwise, they should not. And on that condition, we are all willing to receive William Darney in connection with us. The sooner you leave for Whitehaven, the better. The Society there need not be frightened by a married preacher, considering that we pay forty pounds of their debt in collection. And if the cost of the wives is too high, I will help them.

Do everything you can to spread the books in this circuit and fulfill the position of assistant. "I am, with affection to Sister Lowes, your affectionate friend and brother. [See letters of March 6, 1759 (to him) and October 30, 1761.]Mr Lowes, at the Orphans' House, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

^[34]

 

You do very well getting subscriptions to pay off that debt at Birstall

 

You do very well getting subscriptions to pay off that debt at Birstall. It will impose an obligation on the Society which will make it much more willing to submit to discipline

 

To John Bennet

LONDON, November 25, 1748.

I have received a bill of ten pounds from T. Colbeck, which will cover the present expenses of the prosecution. [See the previous three lyrics.] You do very well getting subscriptions to pay off that debt at Birstall. It will impose an obligation on the Society which will make it much more willing to submit to discipline.

You see how it is necessary for you to enter Yorkshire at least once in a quarter. It would be nice if you could get to Lincolnshire too, but for a week.

I ask you to show them in Halifax how absurd it is to expect me to pay a shilling expense for their lawsuit. They should not start if they cannot continue.

If Webster's spirit does not change, and that quickly, I will send him back to Plymouth Dock. [Eleazer Webster was evidently a troublesome preacher. See the letter of February 9, 1750.]

I trust that his own soul will not be neglected in the multiplicity of business that comes in from other men. O be much in prayer! I often worry about you. The Spirit of God be your Guide, and His love your portion forever. ^[35]

 

A method to pay off debts

 

While we were thinking about something else, we found a method by which we have had reason to bless God ever since. I was talking to several members of the Society in Bristol about the means of paying the debts there, when one [Captain Foy] stood up and said, 'Let each member of the Society give a penny a week until all are paid.

 

FOR VINCENT PERRONET

{December}, 1748.

3. Finally, while we were thinking of something else, we found a method by which we have reason to bless God ever since. I was conversing with several members of the Society at Bristol about the means of paying the debts there, when a [Captain Foy, on February 15, 1742. See Diary, ii. 528; W.H.S. III. 64-5.] he stood up and said: 'Let each member of the Society give a penny a week until all are paid.' Another replied: 'But many of them are poor and cannot afford it.' 'Then,' said he, 'I have put eleven of the poorest with me; and if you can give something, well: I will visit you weekly; and if they cannot give anything, I will give for them and for myself. And each of you visits eleven neighbors weekly; receive what they give and make up for what is lacking.' It was done. At some point, some of them told me, they discovered that this or that one did not live as he should. It immediately occurred to me, 'This is what happens; just what we have always wanted.' I gathered all the Class Leaders (as we used to call them and their companies), and I wanted each one to make a private investigation of the behavior of those he saw weekly. They did it. Many disorderly walkers have been detected. Some have turned away from the evil of their ways. Some have been driven away from us. Many viewed it with fear, and rejoiced before God with reverence. ^[36]

 

Don't spend more than you receive

 

The rules of Stewards are,--(1) Be frugal. Save all that can be honestly saved. (2) Do not spend more than you receive. Debt-free contract. (3) Not having long accounts. Pay everything within the week

 

FOR VINCENT PERRONET

{December}, 1748.

2. The work of these Stewards is,-- To administer the temporary things of the Company. To receive subscriptions and contributions. Spend what is necessary from time to time. Sending aid to the poor. Maintain an accurate accounting of all income and expenses. --Inform the Minister if any of the Society's rules are not observed punctually. Tell passionate preachers if they find anything wrong, either in their doctrine or in their life.

3. The rules of Stewards are,--(1) Be frugal. Save all that can be honestly saved. (2) Do not spend more than you receive. Debt-free contract. (3) Not having long accounts. Pay everything within the week. (4) Give no one that asks for relief, whether it be an offensive word or an unpleasant look. Don't hurt them if you can't help. (5) Don't expect thanks from man. ^[37]

 

This is not true, despite the heavy debt that covered it

 

'But those at Kingswood were neglected.' This is not true, despite the heavy debt that covered it. A boss and a lady have been in the house since she was able to receive them; a second master was placed there a few months earlier

 

To George Whitefield

LONDON, April 27, 1741.

I wish I would be direct with you, my brother, I believe so: then, by the grace of God, I will.

Of many things that I think you are not properly informed; From others you say what didn't weigh well.

'The Society's room in Bristol,' you say, 'is adorned.' Like Why, with a piece of green cloth nailed to the desk, two appliques for eight candles each in the middle, and—no, I don't know anything else. Now, which of these could be spared I do not know; nor would he want more adornments or less.

But 'accommodations are made for me or my brother.' That is, in plain English, there is a small room near the school, where I talk to the people who come to me; and an attic, where a bed is laid for me. And you envy me for that? That's the voice of my brother, my son Whitefield.

You say, moreover, 'that the children in Bristol are clothed and taught.' I'm sorry about that; for the cloth has not yet been paid for, and has been purchased without my consent or knowledge. 'But those at Kingswood were neglected.' This is not true, despite the heavy debt that covered it. A boss and a lady have been in the house since she was able to receive them; a second teacher was placed there a few months earlier; and I have long sought two suitable teachers: so that, as things stand, so much has been done, if not more, that I may be accountable to God and men."

Well, but 'you sent Brother Cennick to be master, which I brought out.' What, about being a teacher? You know he's never been like that. You know that he now neither designs nor desires this.

So far, then, there is no reason for the heavy accusation of 'perverting his project for the poor freighters'. Two years ago, his plan was to build a school for them, so that their children would also be taught to fear the Lord. For this, you have raised some money more than once; how much I can't say until I have my papers. But I know that, it wasn't even half of what was spent on work. This project you then recommended to me, and I pursued it with all my might, through a sequence of difficulties that (dare I say) you have not yet encountered in life. For many months, I raised money wherever I was: in Kingswood just for that house; in Bristol for the construction of the school there; elsewhere, usually to Bath. In June, 1739, unable to obtain any other way, I bought a small piece of land and began to build there, although I did not yet have a quarter of the money necessary to finish it. Yet, taking on the whole debt, the creditors were willing to stay: and then it was that I took possession of it in my own name—that is, when the foundation was laid; and only from that moment did I immediately make my will, fixing my brother and you to succeed me in it.

Now, my brother, I will answer your main question. I don't think you can claim rights to this building, either in equity or in law, before my passing. And every honest lawyer will tell you the same. But if you regret raising the money for it, I will pay you as soon as possible; although now I owe over two hundred pounds just because of Kingswood School.

But it's a bad case that you and I have to talk like that. In fact, these things should not be like this. It was in your power to have prevented everything, and yet to have borne witness to what you call the truth. If you did not like my sermon, you could have printed another on the same text, and answered my proofs, without mentioning my name: that was fair and friendly. While following as you did is so far from friendship that it is not moral honesty. Moral honesty does not allow for treacherous wounds or the revelation of secrets. I will leave the point to the trial of Jews, Turks, infidels or heretics.

In fact, among the latter (i.e. heretics) you place me publicly; for you classify all the advocates of universal redemption with the Socinians themselves. Alas! My brother, you don't even know this,--that the Socinians do not allow any redemption; which Socinus himself speaks thus—Tota redemptionis nosfrae per Christurn metaphora ['All our redemption by Christ is a metaphor.' See letters of June 19, 1731 and September 24, 1753.] and it says expressly: Christ died as a ransom for no one, but only as an example for all mankind. How easy it was for me to get many other palpable spots right in what you call the answer to my sermon! And how above contemptible measure would you then appear to all impartial men, whether of common sense or of erdiment! But I spare you; my hand will not be on you. May the Lord judge between me and you!

Alas, my brother, in what way are you proceeding now, in what way have you acted since you recklessly placed this weapon in the hands of the enemies? Why, you have continually gathered up all the improper expressions of those who should be (in a way) perfect, and then spreading them in your public preaching to the mockers of the world! Now, you know well that this was exactly the same thing (in practice), and made the same impression on your listeners, as if underneath each of these images [that you wrote], 'John Wesley.' Was this a fair or correct treatment

A Spaniard would have behaved more tenderly with his English prisoners.

Introduce now that I should take reprisals, that I should deal with you as you did with me, that I should publicly repeat all the wrong expressions I heard from the Predestinearies, what would come next? Why, everyone who heard me would flee from a Predestinatory as they would flee from a mad dog.

But you are very safe; I can't find you here. This field you have just for you. I cannot dwell on those things which have an immediate tendency to make you hateful and contemptible. The general tone of both my public and private exhortations, when I touch upon them (as even my enemies know if they wished to testify), is, 'Spare the young man, even Absalom, for my sake.'^[38]

 

I thought it strange that poor S.F. should leave me nine hundred pounds in debt

 

I thought it strange that poor S.F. should leave me nine hundred pounds in debt. But it is still stranger that John Atlay should have paid one thousand six hundred out of nine, and that I should be one hundred and sixty pounds in debt, in spite of it!

 

To your brother Charles

LONDONDERRY, June 2, 1775.

DEAR BROTHER,-- I thought it strange that poor S.F. should leave me nine hundred pounds in debt. But it is still stranger that John Atlay should have paid one thousand six hundred out of nine, and that I should be one hundred and sixty pounds in debt, in spite of it!

Mr. Wathen's method of radical healing will hardly try. I'm very easy, and that's enough.

I am convinced that Billy Baynes' eye is single; therefore, it will come in handy. Our other friend should know what he was thinking. We only parted for four pounds a year.

I am extremely glad that T. Rankin does not print until his papers have passed our correction. I was afraid that he hadn't been so patient. Exactly what I thought in the beginning, I still think about American affairs. If a blow is struck, I give America as lost, and perhaps England as well. Our part is to continue instantly in prayer.

Sammy will not only get better, but very well if you don't kill him gently.

Did my friend pick up a house in Bristol? Is Noah with her? What are they doing? Mr. Madan behaved well. Res ipsa reduxit in gratiam.

Preach as much as you can and no more than you can. You'll never get much stronger until you add air change to the exercise, riding two or three hundred miles at point-blank range. Now you have an opportunity. Meet me in Leeds with the honest John Murlin. When you're tired, you can switch places with him. You would come back a robust and healthy man.

I plan to write to Mr. Fletcher soon. I don't remember that he touched the cornerstone of their hypothesis—'the covenant of redemption.' One would not want to be easy without him. Only here must we stop reasoning or become Calvinists. That is the strength of their cause.

Peace be with you and yours! Goodbye! ^[39]

 

You could print an issue of the Christian Model and apply the proceeds from it to pay off the debt.

 

You could print an issue of the Christian Model and apply the proceeds from it to pay off the debt. The Societies should pay the preachers' fare. But you shouldn't imagine that more of them will come to America until these problems are over.

 

To Thomas Rankin

NEAR LEEDS, JULY 28, 1775.

DEAR TOMMY,--I rejoice to know that our Lord's work still prospers in your hands. If the temple was built even in difficult times, it was not by the power of man. I also rejoice in the honest Francis Asbury, and hope he will no longer fall into temptation. Do not despair of poor T---- R---- He is not yet out of God's reach. I know of no reason why we should not publish the names of American preachers. You could print an issue of the Christian Model and apply the proceeds from it to pay off the debt. The Societies should pay the preachers' fare. But you shouldn't imagine that more of them will come to America until these problems are over.

Certainly this is the point that we must insist on both in the season and in the off-season. The universal corruption of all orders and degrees of men cries aloud for the vengeance of God; and since all other nations are equally corrupt, it seems that God will punish us for one another. What can prevent this but a universal, or at least general, repentance? Otherwise, do we have great reason to fear? God will soon say,

'Sword, cross that land and destroy it.'

These clergymen should be lovingly counseled not to hurt our preachers. I'll pay for your delays. We just have to live today! God will take care of everything tomorrow.--I am, dear Tommy,

Your affectionate friend and brother. ^[40]

 

How are they in debt now?

 

Five or six years ago, the Dales Circuit was completely out of debt. How are they in debt now? Well, at this rate, we will never have done it. If they now collect only for themselves, how does that help me continue the overall work?

 

To James Barry

COLNE, April 30, 1776.

DEAR JAMES,-- Five or six years ago, the Dales Circuit was completely out of debt. How are they in debt now? Well, at this rate, we will never have done it. If they now collect only for themselves, how does that help me continue the overall work? This is nothing for the purpose of the Annual Subscription of a common stock. But, be that as it may, you know the rule of the Minutes—that all the money thus raised must be produced at the Conference. If I am not called back to London to oversee the building/I hope to be on your circuit in June.--I am, dear James, .

Your affectionate friend.

To Mr. James Barry, in the preaching house,

Barnard Castle, County Durham. ^[41]

 

Together with the new chapel, it will cost, with a very moderate calculation, more than six thousand pounds

 

The Foundation with all the adjacent houses is about to be demolished; and the City of London granted land for building, but on condition of covering it and with large houses in front; which, together with the new chapel, will cost, with a very moderate calculation, more than six thousand pounds

 

To the Members and Friends of the Methodist Societies

LONDON, October 18, 1776.

MY DEAR BROTHER,-- The Society in London provided assistance to its brothers in various parts of England. They have been doing this for over thirty years; They did so cheerfully and generously. In the first year of the subscription of the General Debt, they subscribed more than nine hundred pounds, in the next about three hundred, and not much less in all the following years.

Now they need help themselves. They need to be built, as the Foundation with all the adjacent houses is about to be demolished; and the City of London granted land for building, but on condition of covering it and with large houses in front; which, together with the new chapel, will cost, with a very moderate calculation, more than six thousand pounds. Therefore, I must ask for the help of all our brothers. Now help the Parents' Society, which has helped others for so many years so voluntarily and so widely. Now help me, for I consider this a kindness done to myself—perhaps the last of this kind that I will ask of you. Sign what you can conveniently, to be paid now, at Christmas or next Lady's Day.--I am

Your affectionate brother. ^[42]

 

Rational perspective of paying off all debt in one year

 

Until now, we have never had a rational perspective of paying off the entire debt in one year. Now it can be done. It will certainly happen if our brothers in other circuits do as those mentioned above did

 

For Christopher Hopper

LONDON, February 6, 1773.

MY DEAR BROTHER,-- I agreed last year (although, contrary to what I thought, that we would no longer have weekly subscriptions. I also planned in my mind not to worry about the debt anymore. But on reflection, it seemed to me that there was still a way—namely, not to apply for the poor (though I would not refuse any that were offered), but to take the burden upon myself, and try my personal interest with the rich. I started in London, where about five hundred pounds are registered. After that, I wrote to many in the country. The Liverpool Circuit has already signed about a hundred pounds; Bradford Circuit, one hundred and thirty. It must be now or never. I don't know if I'll worry more about that.

Until now, we have never had a rational prospect of paying off the entire debt in one year [See January 29 letter to Samuel Bardsley]. Now it can be done. It will certainly happen if our brothers in other circuits do as those mentioned above did. What I desire from you is to support the letters I have written, encouraging every man of property in his circuit to make an effort—at least, to send me a reply; That, you know, is just ordinary civility. Now do what you can; and show that you, my old friend, are not the last and least in love with

Your affectionate friend and brother.

always affectionate. ^[43]

 

Wesley's effort to pay off the Connection's debts

 

The effort to pay off the debts of the Connection is one of the outstanding characteristics of this period. Wesley left no stone unturned to achieve this goal, in which preachers and friends gave him the most generous and untiring support.

 

There are signs in the correspondence of the renewal of the Calvinistic Controversy, which would intensify around the minutes of the Conference of 1770. George Whitefield is described at the time as 'still breathing nothing but love': but the letter to Joseph Townsend in August 1767 points to the approaching storm. The letters to Charles Wesley have a deep meaning and there is a pathetic touch to the fragment of a letter to his old friend Mrs. Woodhouse requesting details from John Whitelamb, who had been his father's chaplain and married to Mary Wesley. The effort to pay off the debts of the Connection is one of the outstanding characteristics of this period. Wesley left no stone unturned to achieve this goal, in which preachers and friends gave him the most generous and untiring support. The last letter is of unique interest. Wesley had sent his first two preachers to America, where Methodism had already taken root, and he himself was contemplating another voyage across the Atlantic, though this was never accomplished. ^[44]

 

We believe that the debt can be paid off in one year

 

It seems that the time has come. But John Fenwick writes of Newcastle: 'We all here agree that what is done must be done immediately; And we believe that the debt can be paid off in one year. We will only act in faith.

 

To George Merryweather

LONDON, December 28, 1767.

MY DEAR BROTHER,-- I thank Mr. Waldy and you for your prompt and generous help. It seems that the time has come. But John Fenwick writes of Newcastle: 'We all here agree that what is done must be done immediately; And we believe that the debt can be paid off in one year. We will only act in faith. I'll give 25; Mr. Davison will give 25; Jn. Morrison 25; Miss S. Dales, 50.' Very well. This will not interfere. Some can donate all at once, others quarterly, others annually. You will encourage your neighbors as much as you can. [See letters of December 15, 1767 and January 9, 1768.] I am, with love to Sister Merryweather,

Your affectionate brother. ^[45]

 

Very Diligent About General Debt

 

Let there now be an honest dispute between Tommy Rankin and you, who will be very diligent as to the General Debt. Undoubtedly, the Eastern Circuit will be helped with the collection made in the West, as long as it does everything it can on its own. Go forward in faith, and you will prosper in this and all things.

 

For Samuel Levick

LONDON, January 19, I 769.

DEAR SAMMY,-- Let there now be an honest dispute between Tommy Rankin and you, who will be very diligent as to the General Debt. Undoubtedly, the Eastern Circuit will be helped with the collection made in the West, as long as it does everything it can on its own. Go forward in faith, and you will prosper in this and all things.

The comfort is that everything you want has already been bought for you. Everything is ready. For Christ is ready. And He is yours. --I am, dear Sammy,

Your affectionate friend and brother.

For Mr. Sam. Levick, in Mr. Nehem. Jane's, [See letter of February 9, 1765.]

At the Plymouth Dock. ^[46]

 

Project to pay debts and take the gospel across the three kingdoms

 

Paying our debts is only one branch of the project. It serves several other equally necessary valuable purposes. It allows us to take the gospel across the three kingdoms. And as long as we pursue that glorious design, that signature will be required; While it is true that once this burden is removed, a much smaller contribution will suffice

 

For several friends

LONDON, November 20, 1769.

MY DEAR BROTHER,-- Two years ago, many of our brethren, who considered the number of persons called Methodists, and the circumstances in which a large number of them were, believed that we should pay the debt immediately. I myself was fully convinced that between twenty and thirty thousand people were perfectly capable of doing this; But I wasn't at all convinced that they were willing. However, I have said little on this point, not wishing to weaken the hands of those who had another opinion.

It was a good step taken in the first year. More than 5,000 were contributed; So the most urgent debts were paid, and many of our brethren were firmly convinced that we should call it a close the whole of the second year. I knew full well that the Methodists could do this; but I saw no reason to think that they would do that. And when the collection was brought in, numbering more than 2,000 copies, it was as full as I expected.

'But what can be done in this third year, 5,000 remain unpaid. Can Methodists pass this in a year? Yes; In addition, they manage to complete 50. But are they willing? This I cannot say: I am sure that some are; even those who have a large amount of material goods; Yes, and of those who have recently increased in substance, who have increased twofold, perhaps ten or twenty times, as much as when you first saw me. Are you one of them? Whether it is or not, whether your substance is minor or major, you are willing to give all the help you can to do what you can without harming your family

'But if I do that, I can't aim as much at such things as I intended.' That is true. But will it harm you? What if, instead of increasing, you spend less for a current contract, so that you can give more. Would there be any problem with that

'But I can't lie down so much, either.' This is also very true. But is it bad maintenance to store treasures in heaven? Is it that lost that is given to God? Whether you go to Him soon, or whether He gives you a few more years here—in either case, it is not wise to lay for yourself a good foundation for you to attain eternal life

'But I thought we should have paid the debt in a year, so we wouldn't need any more collections.' I never thought so. I knew it could be paid off in a year, but I never imagined it would be. There is more chance of being paid this year. It will happen, if our brothers make an effort: make you, for example; Don't let anything be lacking on your part. But don't imagine 'we won't need more collections.' Indeed, we will, though we do not owe a shilling. You do not remember the original design of the Annual Subscription [See Works, viii. 335-6.] Paying our debts is only one branch of the project. It serves several other equally necessary valuable purposes. It allows us to take the gospel across the three kingdoms. And as long as we pursue that glorious design, that signature will be required; While it is true that once this burden is removed, a much smaller contribution will suffice.

However, let tomorrow think about the things of itself: today do what you can, for the love of God, for the love of your brothers and sisters, for the cause of God and for the sake of God.

Your affectionate brother.

PS.--This is the letter, a copy of which I intend to send this or the next post to each of the main people in your circuit. You will support this very sincerely. Try what you can do, moving forward in the joy of faith. You'll probably receive subscriptions until Christmas and receive whatever is signed between Easter and the summer solstice. Don't get tired of doing good; You will reap if you do not pass out. ^[47]

 

The 1769 minutes detail how 2,458 19s. 7d. were used in the discharge of debts

 

The 1769 minutes detail how 2,458 19s. 7d. were used in the discharge of debts.] was extremely brief in not mentioning that 'something else' at the Conference or not until all the money ran out

 

For Walter Sellon

LONDON, December 30, 1769.

MY DEAR BROTHER,-- It is not yet decided whether I should go to America or not. I have been insisted upon for some time; But the video Nil sat firmi. ['I don't see anything strong enough.' See letter of January 25, 1770.] I need a clear call before I can leave Europe.

You should heat your milk, but never let it boil. Boiling takes the most nutritious particles out of it to boil. Take care to keep your body moderately open at all times, and your stomach won't complain often. Mr. Viner did him great honor. Don't be in too much of a hurry when dealing with Elisha Coles. I am afraid that the treaty is too short. And please add a word to that excited one, Mr. Toplady, not only in regard to Zanchius, but also to his calumny of the Church of England. You would do well to give a reading of both of his treatises. He certainly believes himself to be England's greatest genius. Please take care, or notus sit pro suis virtutibus. ['May he be known in proportion as he deserves.' ]

Mr. Johnson [Thomas Johnson, assistant in Lincolnshire East. The 1769 minutes detail how 2,458 19s. 7d. were used in the discharge of debts.] was extremely brief in not mentioning that 'something else' at the Conference or not until all the money ran out. However, the issue is not a big deal. I think we can get you thirty pounds in February. I believe you strengthen the hands of our preachers as much as you can. You'll find Billy Minethorp to be a real man. His resolution in the latter case was admirable. I have seldom seen another case like this in the kingdom.--I am

Your affectionate brother. ^[48]

 

We all believe that the debt can be paid off in one year

 

John Fenwick writes from Newcastle: 'We all believe that the debt can be paid off in one year. I'm going to give it 25. Robert Davison will give 25. John Morrison, 25 years old. Miss S. Dales, 50.' Let's do it in faith, and it will be done! This must be insisted upon with men of valor

 

For Samuel Levick

LONDON, January 2, 1768.

I can't stay any longer. I wrote to Mr. Hoskins, Brother Trezize, Rd. Williams, Hitchens, Mitchell, Lovelace, Burrell, Eb--, Mary, and Kath. Carmarthen, Brother Thomas, Mr. Thomas, Dyer, Brother Nance, Mitchell, Sister Launder, Brother Gundry, Nichols, Jo. Vinicombe, Rich. Permewan and Jo. Bennets. The rest is up to you. Push home rich and poor. Leave no stone unturned. Don't waste time. Strive by trusting in God.

Give my printed letters to whomever you judge. There you see your foreground. And let that go as far as possible. But John Fenwick writes from Newcastle: 'We all believe that the debt can be paid off in one year. I'm going to give it 25. Robert Davison will give 25. John Morrison, 25 years old. Miss S. Dales, 50.' Let's do it in faith, and it will be done! This must be insisted upon with men of valor. [See letter of January 19.]

I want an accurate account of the debts in your circuit. Is Jos. Pasco alive? Be alive-- I am, dear Sammy,

Your affectionate friend and brother.

To Mr. Samuel Levick, at Mr. James Mitchell's house, in Redruth. ^[49]

 

If we pay the debt in one year

 

If we pay the debt in a year (and there is a good prospect), it is always from your people of Newcastle; 'Cause no one else thought of it

 

To James Oddie

LONDON, January 12, 1768.

DEAR JAMES,-- I wish that an experienced old Scotsman, William Darney by name, would take a turn or two on the Dunbar Circuit; and I will want William Minethorp, now near York (a good man and a good preacher), to come down to his circuit and take his place. Then Alnwick will have the preaching on Sunday, which is highly convenient.

If we pay the debt in a year (and there is a good prospect), it is always from your people of Newcastle; for no one else thought of it. Go, go, in the name of God--I am

Your affectionate friend and brother. ^[50]

 

All money subscribed in Ireland for the payment of the General Debt

 

I desire that all money subscribed in Ireland for the payment of the General Debt shall be deposited in the hands of George Grant, James Martin and James Freeman as trustees

 

To Henry Brooke

SUNDERLAND, May 25, 1768.

MY DEAR BROTHERS,-- I do not know what to say; the reports I receive from Dublin are so contradictory to each other. On my last one with T. Olivers, I wanted him to go immediately to the Waterford Circuit. I wish Mr. Hilton would give me his cold judgment about the late transactions.

I desire that all money subscribed in Ireland for the payment of the General Debt shall be deposited in the hands of George Grant, James Martin and James Freeman as trustees. But when that reaches 100, let a large part of Dublin's debt be paid off without delay.

See that you bear one another's burdens.--I am, my dear brethren,

Your affectionate brother.

What is the current debt on Dublin House

To Mr. Henry Brooke, Stafford Street, Dublin. ^[51]

 

'How, then, did man break'

 

['How, then, did the man broke' Why--, (1) in four years he gained six hundred pounds; (2) During this period, he spent (including some delinquent debts) about one thousand seven hundred and fifty

 

To your brother Charles

LONDON, December 17, 1768.

DEAR BROTHER,--I thank you for your rebuke; There is reason in what you say. If there was no evil, there was the appearance of evil.

[Two o'clock on Tuesday and four o'clock on Thursday I listened with both ears. John Downes, his wife, John Jones, and William Evans were vehemently accused. William Garrat responded (though interrupted a hundred times quite sharply) point by point. When the hearing was over, the strongest of all was that we all agreed in our verdict,--(1) that he had said several hot and improper things; (2) that he had erred in leaving his lord [Mr. Dear.] with so little warning; and yet (3) that there was no dishonesty on either side.

['How, then, did the man broke' Why--, (1) in four years he gained six hundred pounds; (2) During this period, he spent (including some delinquent debts) about one thousand seven hundred and fifty.]

The issues were not handled well at Liverpool. But what cannot be cured must be endured.

Well, you simpleton, you're cutting me off a month of work. No, but I don't have the time or desire to write a book. I only intend to (1) leave out what I don't like the most; (2) mark what I approve of the most; (3) prefix a short preface. And I will run the risk of printing it in Bristol. There, you can read the proof sheets yourself.

You do well with my sister Emily. What else do I need I'm going to provide. I have had no news of nor of our friend [Mrs. Wesley] in Newcastle. I don't have time for Handel or Avison right now. Peace be with you and yours. Goodbye.

Now I'm just a Fellow of a college again. ^[52]

 

If T. Colbeck had done as I ordered, he would have been paid long ago

 

I said before, let's pay the five pounds to Brother Littledale at the Conference. If T. Colbeck had done as I ordered, he would have been paid long ago

 

For Thomas Wride

ARMAGH, June 23, 1771.

DEAR TOMMY,-- I said before, let's pay the five pounds to Brother Littledale at the Conference. If T. Colbeck had done as I ordered, he would have been paid long ago. So let's also invent what Brother Garnet wants. If he wishes, he can come to the Conference in his place. If not, please submit your report to R. Seed. Won't the Annual Subscription pay off both debts? If there is an excess of credit, this can reduce the debt on the house of Whitehaven.

I desire that no preacher of ours or any member of our Society goes, in any presence, to an Anabaptist meeting. It is the way to destroy Society. We have been through this time and time again. May all who were of the Church remain in the Church.--I am, dear Tommy,

Your affectionate friend and brother. ^[53]

 

We should not begin the construction of any preaching house until two-thirds of the money has been subscribed

 

But don't you remember the rule in the Conference Minutes that we should not begin building any preaching house until two-thirds of the money is subscribed? This rule we cannot dispense with

 

For Lancelot Harrison

DUBLIN, April 11, 1789.

MY DEAR BROTHER, -- A letter I received two or three days ago from George Whitfield [your book-manager] informs me that I have so far exceeded my income in the past year, and am already over two hundred pounds in debt. So I promised him not to turn to him again until the end of next month.

But don't you remember the rule in the Conference Minutes that we should not begin building any preaching house until two-thirds of the money is subscribed? We cannot dispense with this rule. And I'm afraid that's not the case with the house you're talking about in Lincoln. I doubt, therefore, that it is time to build your building there. But you have reason to rejoice that God's work prospers there, as well as in poor Blighton. -- I am, etc. ^[54]

 

I fear that the debt will never be paid

 

But I fear that the debt will never be paid, because the innumerable villains who gain from its continuance will never consent to its abolition.

I must think that his best way would be to sell the property he bought a few years ago.

 

To William Robarts

LONDON, November 8, 1785.

DEAR BILLY, - Yesterday I read your pamphlet, which I fully approve, but I dare not trust my only judgment. I'm going to want someone who has more judgment to read and consider, and then send a message about what I think is best to do. But I fear that the debt will never be paid, because the innumerable villains who gain from its continuance will never consent to its abolition.

I must think that his best way would be to sell the property he bought a few years ago. What if you sold it for only half the value? It seems that would be better than being so perplexed. [See letters of August 16, 1783, and December 6, 1785 to him.] - Yes, I am, dear Billy,

Your affectionate brother. ^[55]

 

Be just or merciful

Do you believe in that principle that we must be just (i.e., pay our debts) before we can be merciful? If I had it, I wouldn't give you or anyone else a shilling for these two years, either to you or to anyone else

 

To Mrs. Harper (Emilia Wesley)

NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE:, 30 June 1743.

DEAR EMLY, -- Once, I think, I have told you my mind freely before; I am obliged to do this once again. You say, 'From the time I came to London until last Christmas, you didn't do me the slightest kindness.' I dream, or you Whose house you stayed in for three months or more Whose money you supported yourself It's a bad case that I'm forced to mention these things.

But 'I wouldn't host you in fifteen weeks.' No, nor should I have done that in fifteen years. I never imagined that you would expect me to do this! Should I leave God's Word to wait tables? You should know that I have other things in mind; I will care less and less about temporal things.

'When I was removed, you never worried about me.' This is not true. What my brother does, I do. Besides, I myself spoke to you several times before last Christmas.

'When I was preaching, you barely spoke to me.' Yes; at least as much as with my sister Wright, or even as I did with anyone else back then.

'I attribute all your lack of respect to a principle you hold — that natural affection is a great weakness, if not a sin.' What is this principle that I defend? That natural affection is sin, or that adultery is a virtue, or that Mohammed was a prophet of God and that Jesus Christ was the son of Belial? You may well attribute all these principles to me as one. I hold one as much as the other. O Emmy, never let this empty, meaningless accusation come out of your mouth.

Do you believe in that principle that we must be just (i.e., pay our debts) before we can be merciful? If I had it, I would not give you or anyone else a shilling for these two years. And, in fact, it has been some time since it contained me; so I give almost nothing except what I give to my relatives. And I often doubt about this, not whether natural affection is not sin, but whether it should prevail over common justice. You know nothing of my temporal circumstances, and the difficulties I am in almost continuously; so that, if it were not for the reputation of my great riches, I would not endure a week.

Now I'm done with myself, and I have only a few words about you. You are, of all creatures, the most ungrateful to God and man. I'm impressed with you. How little have you profited by these means of improvement! Surely, whenever their eyes are opened, whenever they see their own tempers, with the advantages they have enjoyed, they will not hesitate to declare themselves (prostitutes and murderers, except for that) the true chief of sinners. -- I am, etc.

Note: "Mrs. Harper was Emilia Wesley (1692–1771), the elder sister of John Wesley, the founder of Methodism. As the eldest daughter, she acted as a second mother to the younger siblings. She corresponded with John throughout her life and ended up living with him in London in her old age." He was abandoned by his husband (Google AI Mode Overview). He died at the age of 80, in 1743. ^[56]

 

Who will pay this debt

 

We should not continue in Dunbar in this way. In fact, we should get out of here. For who will pay this debt

 

To Joseph Benson, Edinburgh

LONDON, January 8, 1774.

DEAR JOSEPH,-- Many people run the risk of reading little; You run the risk of reading too much. Wherever you are, take up your cross and visit the whole Society from house to house. Do this according to Mr. Baxter's plan, set forth in the Minutes of the Conference [See Minutes of 1766; works, viii. 302-3, 315]. The fruit that will secure (perhaps in a short time) will abundantly reward your labor. Fruit we will also have, even in those who have no external connection with us.

I am glad that you 'press all believers' to aspire to the full freedom of God's children. They must not give up faith to do this; Here you seemed to be in some mistake. Let them go from faith to faith—from weak faith to that strong faith which not only overcomes, but casts out sin. Meanwhile, it is certain that many call themselves believers who do not even overcome sin, who are strangers to the whole inner kingdom of God and devoid of all the fruit of the Spirit.

We should not continue in Dunbar in this way. In fact, we should get out of here. For who will pay this debt

On Tuesday I was under the surgeon's hands, but now (bless God) I am completely recovered [See next letter].--I am, dear Joseph,

With affection. ^[57]

 

So that, in a few years, it can pay off its own debt

 

The preaching house at Bradford in Yorkshire earns, in one way or another, about fifty pounds a year. The debt on it does not exceed five hundred pounds; so that, in a few years, it can pay off its own debt

 

For Mrs. Woodhouse

DUBLIN, April 1, 1773.

MY DEAR SISTER,-- In a case like the one you describe, I don't see how you could leave your brother. When there is illness, and especially a seizure of death, we do not know how to get away from a friend.

If the house is not built at Misterton [Six miles south of Epworth, and frequently visited by Wesley], as I have directed, the people there must no longer expect to see me. I will see this as both a case of injustice and personal disrespect to myself. Mr. Fletcher [See letter of July 30], of Gainsborough (if I understand correctly), refused to receive our preachers any longer. If so, they were not guilty of leaving the place; for they could do nothing else. I believe my wife is still in Bristol, where I left her when I left for Ireland.

The preaching house at Bradford in Yorkshire earns, in one way or another, about fifty pounds a year. The debt on it does not exceed five hundred pounds; so that, in a few years, he can pay off his own debt [See letter of March 21]. But I don't know of another such case in England. I don't know of any house other than that can pay off its own current expenses, much less generate an excess to pay debts. If any preacher speaks like this, he is either a fool or a scoundrel: he has lost either his intelligence or his honesty. Besides, what should someone like that think of me? Does he think I'm so stubborn as to make all these efforts to pay off debts that would soon pay for themselves? And how can any preacher know the state of all the houses in Britain so much better than I do? I hope that John Peacock [Peacock, the second preacher in Lincolnshire West, became itinerant in 1767; after a useful and diligent ministry, retired in 1796, and died at Burlington (Bridlington) in 1803] does not speak again after that period. Mr. Lee raised nearly a hundred pounds at the Leeds Circuit. He has common sense and feels the weight of

Your affectionate brother. [58]

 

And now the debt is paid

 

Many years ago I put the Society in Bath in a way where, if they had persevered, they now owed nothing. They were at Plymouth, only thirty in total, and their debt was four hundred pounds. I advised them: Let each member subscribe monthly what he can; and a hundred on the Wharf promised to do the same. 'I,' said one, 'give a crown a month'; 'I,' said another, 'half a crown.' Many subscribed to one shilling, sixpence or threepence a month. And now the debt is paid.

 

To Adam Clarke

LONDON, January 28, 1790.

DEAR ADAM, -- I often wonder about the people of Bristol. They are so honest, yet so dull; It is almost impossible to light a fire in them. Only with God is everything possible. Many years ago I put the Society in Bath in a way where, if they had persevered, they now owed nothing. They were at Plymouth, only thirty in total, and their debt was four hundred pounds. I advised them: Let each member subscribe monthly what he can; and a hundred on the Wharf promised to do the same. 'I,' said one, 'give a crown a month'; 'I,' said another, 'half a crown.' Many subscribed to one shilling, sixpence or threepence a month. And now the debt is paid. I started this subscription in Bath; as I have done in many places successfully. But they stopped coming out in two or three weeks. Why? Because I gave four guineas to prevent a prisoner from being arrested! Good reason, it wasn't 'Why', said one and the other, 'wouldn't he have given me that'

I am happy to know that my dear sister is in a good moment of recovery. On Monday, four weeks from now, I'll probably leave for Bristol. [He left on March 1.] Peace be with your spirits! -- I am, dear Adam,

Your affectionate friend and brother. ^[59]

 

You must stop local preachers who are full of debt

 

You must stop local preachers who are full of debt. Few places in England are healthier than Keighley. Neither Dublin nor Cork are comparable to them. But take care, or you'll kill Betsy! Don't force God to take you out of here!

 

For Samuel Bradburn

NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE, 16 June 1781.

DEAR SAMMY, -- Brother Sharp's proposal is reasonable; I have no objection to that.

We have no supernumerary preachers: except John Furz, who is so old-aged. If John Oliver lives to the Conference and desires that, I suppose he might be in the same position. The more exercise he uses, winter or summer, the healthier he will be. I can face the north wind at seventy-seven better than I can at twenty-seven. But if you moan for him, you'll kill him instantly. John Booth is fixed on his own circuit. A word in your ear! I'm only half satisfied with Christopher Hopper's events. I do not admire preachers with pleasant climate.

You must stop local preachers who are full of debt. Few places in England are healthier than Keighley. Neither Dublin nor Cork are comparable to them. But take care, or you'll kill Betsy! Don't force God to take you out of here! -- I am, dear Sammy,

Your affectionate friend and brother. ^[60]

 

Stay out of debt

 

It's good that you can stay out of debt. I am glad that Brother Graham and the poor stewards stand their ground

 

Henry Moore Paralyzer

DUBLIN, July 1, 1789.

DEAR HENRY, -- It's good that you can stay out of debt. I am glad that Brother Graham and the poor stewards stand their ground. I'm not going to send four children easily to Bristol. I don't know what you can do for James -----, [Name illegible.] although I consider him an honest man. I wonder what must go through Mr. Reed's mind to send money to poor John Bull! [See letter of September 30, 1787.] He has just been released from prison, [now] hoping to find ways to live.

We had very hot jobs in Dublin for some time, prompted by Mr. Smyth's and Mr. Mann's letters [See letter of June 25 to Adam Clarke.] in the newspapers. But I don't say anything and go my direct way. Charles [Is this your brother, whose views on the Church may have been cited against him] is nothing to me. I serve God; and I am, dear Henry,

Your affectionate friend and brother. ^[61]

 

I borrowed it to pay Mr. Perdo

 

Six or seven hundred pounds are brought to a Conference, of which at least five hundred pay dues. Then extraordinary demands are met. How much is still left for the law I am now nearly three hundred pounds out of my pocket, which I borrowed to pay Mr. Perdo.

 

To your brother Charles

 

LONDON, January 15, 1768.

DEAR BROTHER,-- Six or seven hundred pounds are brought to a Conference, of which five hundred at least pay dues. Then extraordinary demands are met. How much is still left for the law I am now nearly three hundred pounds out of my pocket, which I borrowed to pay Mr. Perdo. When I receive more from Newcastle, [See previous letter.] I will send her to Bristol; Probably very soon.

It is highly likely that one of the three will stand before the Lord. But as far as I could learn, something like this had barely happened in these thousand years before, as a son, father, grandfather, atavus, tritavu, preaching the gospel, no, and the true gospel, online. You know, Mr. White, who was president of the Assembly of the Divines, was my grandmother's father.

Look out for our little ones in Kingswood whenever you can. A word from you will be a relief to them. Oh, how many talents are entrusted to us!

'But what account can your bad steward make?' In fact, we need to strengthen our heads and run faster through the little remaining of our race. 'One thing!' Let's take care of one thing only; and nothing great or small except how he ministers it!

Peace be with you and yours! Goodbye. ^[62]

 

There was little administration in the Orphans' House

 

Admittedly, there was little administration in the House of Orphans, or you wouldn't have a penny of debt. However, do everything you can to pay off the General Debt

 

For Christopher Hopper

LIVERPOOL, March 21, 1773.

MY DEAR BROTHER,-- You have saved us a hundred pounds in regard to the house in Bradford. A hundred pounds less will serve there, which may be applied to better ends. Then you can use your free opinions on any other subject (directing to Dublin) whenever you want. Admittedly, there was little administration in the House of Orphans, or you wouldn't have a penny of debt. However, do everything you can to pay off the General Debt. I don't know where Peggy Dale could have made a better choice [She married on March 4 to Edward Avison. See the header of the letter of June 1, 1765]. Peace be upon your spirits--I am

Your affectionate friend and brother. ^[63]

 

---

[1] Overview of Google's AI mode

[2] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1772/

[3] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1774/

[4] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1790/

[5] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1761/

[6] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1767/

[7] Overview of Google's AI mode

[8] Overview of Google's AI mode

[9] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1773/

[10] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1776/

[11] Overview of Google's AI Mode

[12] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1761/

[13] Overview of Google's AI Mode

[14] Overview of Google's AI Mode

[15] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1790/

[16] Overview of Google's AI mode

[17] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1790/

[18] Overview of Google's AI mode

[19] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1790/

[20] Overview of Google's AI Mode

[21] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1774/

[22] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1777/

[23] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1790/

[24] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1790/

[25] Overview of Google's AI Mode

[26] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1767/

[27] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1772/

[28] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1790/

[29] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1790/

[30] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1790/

[31] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1764/

[32] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1764/

[33] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1772/

[34] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1761/

[35] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1748/

[36] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1748/

[37] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1748/

[38] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1741/

[39] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1775/

[40] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1775/

[41] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1776/

[42] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1776/

[43] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1773/

[44] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1770/

[45] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1767/

[46] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1769/

[47] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1769/

[48] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1769/

[49] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1768/

[50] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1768/

[51] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1768/

[52] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1768/

[53] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1771/

[54] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1789/

[55] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1785/

[56] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1743/

[57] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1774/

[58] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1773/

[59] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1790/

[60] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1781/

[61] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1789/

[62] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1768/

[63] https://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/the-letters-of-john-wesley/wesleys-letters-1773/