One step ahead
Methodists who went beyond their generation and
left a legacy
Odilon Massolar Chaves
Copyright © 2024, Odilon
Massolar Chaves
All rights reserved to the
author.
It is allowed to read, copy
and share for free
Article 184 of the Penal
Code and Law 96710 of February 19, 1998.
Books published in the
Wesleyan Library: 237
Books published by the
author: 357
Booklets: 3
Address: https://bibliotecawesleyana.blogspot.com
Translator: Google
www.onlinedoctranslator.com
All glory to God!
-----------------
Odilon Massolar Chaves is a retired Methodist
pastor, with a doctorate in Theology and History from the Methodist University
of São Paulo.
His thesis dealt with the Methodist revival in
England in the eighteenth century and its contribution as a paradigm for our
days.
He was editor of the official Methodist newspaper
and coordinator of the Theology Course
Index
· Introduction
· Early
Methodists Who Were One Step Ahead
· Pioneer
in the care of lepers in Brazil
· Created
the largest construction company in the world
· Founder
of modern Gynecology and Obstetrics
· An
evangelist creates the Football League in England
· Sunday
School teacher creates famous film company
· The
impact of love for a Muslim terrorist
· Hallmark
Cards Brand Creator
· America's
First Black Woman Millionaire
· Farm boy
becomes millionaire
· Creator
of the Ivory Floating Soap Formula
· Inventor,
educator and father-in-law of Thomas Edison
· World
Father of Biblical Archaeology
· Creator
of unleavened wine
· Inventor
of the first refrigerated trains
· He
created his first playground and was decisive in the fight against yellow fever
· He wrote
more than 9 thousand hymns
· Created
the first industrial plastic, saving elephants
· First
to end racism in baseball
· He
sought the Kingdom of God, won the Nobel Peace Prize
· Korea's
First Female Lawyer and Judge
· Invented
the first passenger elevator
· War hero
and geo-expedition pioneer
· The
black Thomas Edison
· Creator
of the Coca-Cola industry 0
· He
founded one of the largest pharmaceutical conglomerates
· Son of a
Methodist pastor discovered the origin of yellow fever
· Jurist,
patriot and martyr of the Philippines in World War II
· Awarded
for promoting peace in Northern Ireland
· The
Leading Expert in Bee Genetics
· Missionary
and defender of the Chinese
· Young
man converted a nation of cannibals
· Pioneer
Medical Missionary in India
· Nobel
Prize for the discovery of Insulin
· Prophetic
voice in England in defense of animals
· Pioneers
in the fight against slavery in Antigua
· The
Methodist Isaac Newton
· The
Socrates of the Methodist Church
· A woman
ahead of her time
· A man
ahead of his time
· Ahead of
its time in communication
· Seed
Planter in Japan
· He
created the first orthography for Haitian Creole
· The
journalist who stood up to Hitler
· Built
the largest bell in the world
· First to
free a slave
· First
woman to speak at the U.S. Capitol
· He
founded the soap and alkali factory
· First
African woman bailiff
· On the
frontline of social issues in Kenya
· First
successful mission with U.S. Indians
· The lion
of black America
· The
conductor of a generation in Argentina
· A voice
from Ceylon to the world
· Leader
of the Miners' Association
· From
slavery to hero of Sierra Leone
· Pioneer
in girls' education in Singapore
· The
Martin Luther King of Sicily
· The most
famous poet in Wales
· The
theologian of the Methodist movement
· Owner of
a store empire and class leader
· Founded
the jam company Hartley's
· He
translated the Bible into the Dobu language
· Created
the first grammar in Guaymi in Panama
Introduction
"One Step Forward" is a book that tells
the story of several Methodists, in different countries, who were beyond other
people in their generation.
They are beautiful stories of Methodists who went
beyond their generation and left a legacy.
From sports to politics; from medicine to
engineering; from literature to inventions and discoveries.
Yes, the Methodist who was the first to free slaves
and the Methodist who was the first to end racism.
Two Methodists who composed hymns for the worship
of the Lord and the edification of the people of God. An immense amount of
hymns never achieved.
Methodists who went above and beyond in their love
of neighbor.
And much more...
Yes, in many areas several Methodists have made a
great contribution to humanity and to the Kingdom of God.
A book that shows that we can go much further.
The Author
Early Methodists Who Were One Step Ahead
The first Methodists who
were one step ahead of their generation were Susanna, John, and Charles Wesley.
Susanna Wesley
Susanna is still cited
today as an example of a mother when she educated 19 sons and daughters. She
was married to Samuel, an Anglican minister.
Her Bible knowledge and
teaching made her a model for generations to come.
In her husband's absence,
she took over the management of the family and preached to about 200 people.
She dedicated herself to
talking to each son and daughter during the week. She was their first teacher.
He taught Bible texts and principles. When I learned to speak, I taught the Lord's
Prayer.
Her method and discipline
made her the "Mother of Methodism." It decisively formed the lives of
John and Charles Wesley.
Several books have been
written about his life.
Carlos Wesley
Charles Wesley was the
organizer of the Holy Club in 1729. Later, Wesley took over the direction.
In 1735 he went as a
missionary to Georgia and after his spiritual experiences on May 21, 1738 and
January 1, 1739 with the Methodist Pentecost, he became an enthusiastic
itinerant preacher.
His marriage to Sally
brought more stability to his life.
Its record of 9,000 hymns
still stands today.
Their hymns are sung by
many churches around the world and by the Anglican Church.
John Wesley
Wesley was considered the
best-known person in England in the eighteenth century. It is said that the
Queen of England feared Wesley's prayers more than the French army.
Wesley was aware of the
God-given calling of the Methodist people to spread biblical holiness
throughout the earth. He understood that Methodism was an extraordinary
dispensation of God's providence.
He restored the doctrines
of holiness and the Holy Spirit, which had been set aside in his day. He
understood that God placed in the hands of Methodism the responsibility of
restoring holiness.
Openness to the laity and
women as class leaders and preachers was within this vision.
Wesley fought against
slavery, when the Churches were silent, created schools and three health
clinics for the poor free of charge.
He organized converts to Methodism
into classes and bands.
He wrote a practical book
of medicine for the poor and wrote the Notes of the Old and New Testaments
correcting several biblical texts mistranslated in the Bible used in England.
His experience of the
forgotten heart, in 1738, and the Methodist Pentecost of January 1, 1739, were
remarkable in his life.
He flooded the "pegs
of his tents" when he accepted George Whitefield's invitation in 1739 to
preach in the street to thousands in Bristol. Then he took another step by
going to preach in Wales, Scotland and Ireland.
Wesley was one step ahead
in his generation.
Pioneer
in the care of lepers in Brazil
Eunice Sousa Gabi Weaver (1902-1969) was born in
São Miguel, São Paulo. His mother had leprosy. His parents moved to
Uruguaiana (RS). She was educated in Methodist schools in Buenos Aires; at
Colégio União, in Uruguaiana, and in Piracicaba (SP), where he graduated in
Health Education. In 1927, Eunice married Charles Anderson Weaver, an American
missionary of the Methodist Church. He was a widower and former director of
Colégio União and director of Colégio Granbery of the Methodist Church, in Juiz
de Fora (MG).
Eunice
accompanied her husband, who directed the Floating University of North America,
on an ocean liner, traveling to 42 countries in which he took various courses
and sought to learn about the problems of leprosy, having met Mahatma Gandhi.
Her husband was appointed director of the Central People's Institute of the
Methodist Church. He founded the Society for the Assistance of Lazarus and the
Educandário Santa Maria, in Rio de Janeiro. In 1935, he obtained official
assistance from President Getúlio Vargas for the work. He traveled throughout
the country promoting the campaign of the Federation of Societies for the
Assistance of Lazarus and Defense against Leprosy. She was the first woman to
receive, in Brazil, the National Order of Merit, in the degree of commander.
He has
published books and represented Brazil in international congresses on leprosy.
He organized assistance services in several countries. She received the title
of "Carioca Citizen". She was the Brazilian delegate to the 12th UN
World Congress (1967). Several institutions that assist leprosy patients bear
the name of "Eunice Weaver Society". His funeral service was in the
Methodist Church. She was one of the most brilliant women in Brazil.[1]
Created
the largest construction company
of the
world
Warren Abraham Bechtel
(1872-1933), the son of a farmer, was born in Freeport, Illinois, USA. When he
was 12 years old, his family moved to Peabody, Kansas, and moved to a farm that
had a grocery store. In his youth, Warren played trombone in a band. He married
Clara Alice Bechtel, with whom he had three children. Almost bankrupt and with
only two mules, he went to Oklahoma to work on the railroads as a foreman and
then a contractor.
In 1898, he opened an
engineering office specializing in railroads and irrigation. In 1912, he formed
a team with his brother and George Colley. The first major work was on the
construction of the Pacific Northwest Railroad, completed in 1914. In 1919, it
made its first federal contract for the construction of highways. By 1920,
Bechtel & Company had become the largest construction company west of the
Mississippi River. In 1925, with his brother and three children, he turned his
office into W.A. Bechtel & Company.
In the
largest civil engineering project in the U.S., at Hoover Dam, six engineering
companies formed a consortium, and Bechtel was the largest shareholder in the
consortium. Warren was named president. He was a natural leader, a reliable
father figure, and a good provider. Upon his death, his son Stephen D. Bechtel,
another Methodist, became president of the company, which is the largest
engineering company in the world. It went on to build nuclear power plants, oil
refineries, and mines. He built in Saudi Arabia and other parts of the Middle
East and participated in the construction of the Washington metro system.[2]
Founder
of moderna
Gynecology
and Obstetrics
Howard Atwood Kelly
(1858-1943) was born in New Jersey, USA. He was the son of a wealthy sugar
broker and Louise Warner, the daughter of a Methodist minister. His mother
instilled in him a love for the Bible and natural sciences. Kelly attended the University
of Pennsylvania.
In 1883, Kelly created one
of the two rooms of the "hospital", which in 1887 evolved into the
Kensington Hospital for Women. He spent several months in Europe. He married
Laetitia Bredow. He was one of the founders of Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore.
In 1893, he developed the cystoscope, used to examine the lower urinary tract.
He was a
leader of the Methodist Episcopal Church and active in preaching and
evangelism. He wrote more than 500 scientific articles, 18 books, five hundred
erudite pieces. He read the Bible daily and gave many lectures on religion. He
was a staunch opponent of drinks. He developed techniques for the diagnosis and
treatment of diseases of the kidneys, ureters and bladder. About 75% of the
poor were served free of charge. In 1900, he laid the foundation for radiation
oncology and modern chemotherapy. He played a key role in establishing
gynecology as a surgical specialty. He was named an honorary member of several
universities and was president of gynecology societies. Kelly received
honorable titles from Belgium (1920), Serbia (1922) and the Serbs, Croats and
Slovenes (1926).
In 1943,
a United States ship was named after him. Kelly was considered the founder of
the modern specialty of Gynecology and Obstetrics.[3]
An
evangelist creates the Football League in England
William McGregor
(1846-1911) was born in Braco, Perthshire, Scotland. He was a businessman, who
moved to Birmingham, England, to set up a company. He played a hugely
influential role in club and professional football. He was against liquor and
an evangelist and devoted Methodist.
He attended his first
football match in Scotland at the age of eight. Two years after Aston Villa was
formed, in March 1874, by young people from the Bible class of the Wesleyan
Methodist Church, he offered to help. He was a natural organizer and businessman,
and soon became vice-president of the club. He became president between 1885
and 1887, which culminated in the club's victory in the F.A Cup for the
first time. It was at McGregor's encouragement that the English Football League
was formed, in 1888.
Considered the "father
of the Football League", he received a prominent place in the
history of English football and in "his" club, Aston Villa. He
married Jessie McGregor and they had a son and a daughter. Before his death, he
received a medal for his dedication to football. Among the many posthumous
tributes is the Fountain at Villa Park, where his former club now plays its
home games. He is inducted into the Aston Villa Hall of Fame as one of the
club's 12 most important personalities.
He is considered the
creator of theFootball League(English Football League), launched as the
first national football championship in the world, in 1888. Much more than a
director and president, he was the promoter of the first football league in the
world.[4]
Sunday School teacher creates famous film company
Joseph Arthur Rank
(1888-1972) was born in Hull, England. He was educated at Leys Methodist
School, Cambridge. His parents were devout Methodists. Since 1875, his father,
Joseph, had a flour milling company, which left his three sons and four
daughters millionaires. Rank was a devout member of the Methodist Church
and a Sunday School teacher.
After the Methodist
newspaper addressed the negative influence of films on the family, Rank sought
to utilize religious and moral films in Sunday School. Some of the films had
been made by him. This method soon spread to other churches. He founded the Religious
Film Society. The first film,MasterIt featured a Methodist pastor and
showed the story of workers who drank and one of them was arrested. The pastor
asks him if he would choose God or drink. Faced with the need for evangelical
films, the British National Films Company was created, by Rank, Lady Yule and
John Corfield. In 1935, the trio became owners and operators of Pinewood Film
Studios. Rank noticed that some films had not achieved good circulation and
realized that control of movie theaters was the key to success. He quickly
established the Odeon cinema chain. The Gongman logo at the opening of the
films shows a man striking a huge gong. During the 1940s, Ranking companies
produced major British films of the time. They later produced films with James
Bond and Batman. At Pinewood Film studios, the series ofHarry Potter.
In 1957, Rank was elevated to the nobility with the title of Baron Rank. He was
married to Nell, with whom he had two daughters. Rank donated one hundred
million pounds to the Methodist Church.[5]
The impact of love for a Muslim terrorist
Martha Mullen, 48, married
to Bill, lives in Richmond, Virginia, USA. She earned a master's degree in
mental health in 1996 and a master's degree in theological studies from United
Theological Seminary in Dayton, Ohio, in 2002.
At the Boston Marathon in 2013, an attack
carried out by two brothers killed three people and injured more than 260.
Tamerlan Tsarnaev died, and his brother, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, was captured.
Tamerlan's burial took almost a month. Several American cemeteries refused to
bury him for fear of reprisals. Some wanted the body to be returned to Russia.
Upon hearing this news, Martha said, "My first thought was that Jesus
said, 'Love your enemies.'" Quietly, he contacted people in the local
community, Virginia's Islamic funeral services, and the Worcester Police
Department.
The body
was buried in Richmond. The media picked up the story and did a big story that
highlighted Martha's love for the enemy. On TV, she said, "I think we need
to remember that we are all, in the end, human beings." Martha said she
had the support of her pastor. His Wesleyan background influenced the decision.
"John Wesley advocated the practice of a social gospel," he said.
Mullen has been called "the most hated woman in Virginia," but also a
heroine.
Someone
said, "In today's world, the example of Martha Mullen may be the key to
evangelizing a war-weary generation that is looking for a third way: not
diplomacy, unarmed conflict, but something deeper and more lasting, something
like a peace that surpasses our human comprehension."[6]
Hallmark
Cards Brand Creator
Joyce Clyde Hall or
"JC" (1891-1982) was born in the farming town of David City,
Nebraska, USA. His father, George Nelson Hall, was a Methodist minister.
Joyce's name was a tribute to Methodist Bishop Isaac W. Joyce. His father died
when he was little, and Hall and his siblings were raised by their mother,
Nancy, who was a semi-invalid. At the age of nine, he was already selling
cosmetics to help his family. Later his family moved to Norfolk, where the
brothers opened a store. Hall and his brothers founded the Norfolk Postcard
Company. In 1910, Hall left school and went to Kansas City with only a
suitcase of clothes and two shoeboxes with postcards. He sold cards in
drugstores and bookstores. He and a brother opened a store that was destroyed
by fire in 1915. He opened the store elsewhere and in the 1920s made a splash
with cards, including Christmas and calendars.
In 1922,
he married Elizabeth Ann Didlay, with whom he had three children. In 1928, he
began marketing his cards under the Hallmark Cards (CEO) brand, promoting the
fine arts and peace. In 1951, he created the Hallmark Hall of Fame, a TV
program sponsored by Hallmark Cards, which was highly awarded: he received 80 Emmy
Awards, 24 Christopher Awards, 11 Peabody Awards, 9 Golden
Globes and 4 Humanitas Awards. In 1956, President Eisenhower invited
Hall and other businessmen to promote peace by creating an organization that
had Hall as president.
He
traveled to several countries to carry out this task. He created the Hall
Family Foundation, which seeks to improve the quality of life in Kansas City.
His fortune was 1.5 billion dollars. He left about $200 million to his children
and $100 million to charity. Queen Elizabeth II named him an Honorary Commander
of the Order of the British Empire.[7]
America's
First Black Woman Millionaire
Sarah Breedlove (1867-1919)
was born in poor rural Louisiana, USA. Daughter of former slaves, she was
orphaned at the age of six and went to live with her older sister and work in
the cotton fields. At the age of 14, she married Moisés and they had a daughter,
Lelia. He died in 1887, and at the age of 20, Sarah moved to St. Louis,
where her brothers worked as barbers.
She
worked as a laundress and studied at night. When he began to lose his hair, he
prayed for help, and was given formula in a dream. Sarah discovered a formula
to stimulate hair growth and began selling her products door-to-door in black
neighborhoods in St. Louis.
His
friendships and ties in the church helped a lot in his personal and
professional growth. In 1905, she went to Denver and married Charles J. Walker.
He took the name Madam C. J. Walker. In 1908, he moved to Pittsburgh and opened
Lelia College to train "hair bodybuilders." In 1910, he moved to
Indianapolis, where he built a factory, a hair and beauty salon, and a school
to train his sales agents for the entire country. His products were used with a
metal comb heated on the stove and applied to straighten very frizzy hair. From
1912 to 1914, it provided scholarships to six students at Tuskegee University. He fought for civil and social causes.
He has
made donations to the National Association of Colored People (NAACP), the
Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church, the young Men's Christian
Association (YMCA), among others. She is considered the first African-American
woman millionaire in the United States.[8]
Farm boy
becomes millionaire
Frank Winfield Woolworth
(1852-1919) was born in Rodman, New York, on the farm of his parents, John
Hubbell Woolworth and Fanny McBrier, who grew potatoes. Woolworth wanted to be
an entrepreneur. In 1876, he married Jennie Creighton, with whom he had three
daughters.
He worked for three months
for free in a store. In six years of work, he saw that some products were
resold for a fixed price of 5 cents. He borrowed $300 and opened a store where
all items had a fixed price of 5 cents. It didn't work out and he went bankrupt,
but he opened elsewhere and it was a success. He and his brother opened several
retail stores at 5 and 10 cents. The exhibition of goods was open and with
marked prices. By 1911, he was a millionaire with 586 stores. In 1913, he had
the Woolworth Building built in Manhattan for $13.5 million.
The
former farm boy founded the F. W. Woolworth Company and was the first
entrepreneur to adapt the practice of buying goods directly from manufacturers
and fixing the prices of products, instead of varying them in a space of time.
When he passed away, there were more than a thousand stores. The F. W.
Woolworth Company changed its name in 1997 and then in 2001 to Foot Locker. It
is a world leader in the sale of retail and sporting goods with headquarters in
New York and operations in 21 countries, with a network of 3,800 stores.
Woolworth
United Methodist Church in New York City was built entirely by Woolworth in
memory of his parents, who were also Methodists. The temple was dedicated on
September 15, 1915 with more than 500 people in attendance. One of his favorite
hymns wasCloser, my God, to you.[9]
Creator
of the Ivory Floating Soap Formula
James Norris Gamble
(1836-1932) was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was the son of James Gamble
(1803–1891) and Elisabeth Ann Norris. His father was a soap maker. James Gamble
and William Procter, a candle maker, in 1837 created Procter & Gamble,
producing candles and soap. The initial profit collapsed when Thomas Edson
created the lamp. A work accident made the soap floating. By marketing and
supplying the soap to Union soldiers in the Civil War (1861-1865), the
company profited handsomely.
James Norris Gamble earned
his bachelor's and master's degrees from Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio. He
became a vice president at Procter & Gamble and was the chemist who
developed the formula for Ivory floating soap. He married Margaret Penrose, participated
in the civil war as a captain, and returned to the company. He was mayor of
Westwood, Ohio, but it was his work at Procter & Gamble that made him
famous. His invention made the company grow.
He made donations to
hospitals, the YMCA, and Ohio Wesleyan University, following Wesley's motto:
"Do all the good you can, with all the resources you can, by all the means
you can, everywhere you can, at all the times you can, for all the people you
can, as long as you can."
He was kind, humble and
dedicated to the Methodist Church. Procter & Gamble (P&G) is the
world's largest consumer goods company, with more than 50 products.[10]
Inventor,
educator and father-in-law
by
Thomas Edison
Lewis Miller (1829-1899)
was born in Greentown, Ohio, USA. He was a businessman and philanthropist who
made his fortune in the late 19th century as the inventor of the first machine
for harvesting and harvesting grain. His patent was registered on May 4, 1858
and marked an era in the history of cutters.
His invention of a grim
reaper with a movable cutter bar and other farm machinery earned him a fortune
and helped revolutionize agriculture. A machine for cutting ripe fruit, such as
corn, had already been invented, but Miller's nine-room machine had finally met
the essentials for an efficient cutter. The blade was mounted in front of the
driver to the side of the horse, instead of being pulled back.
Miller was a philanthropist
and devoted much of his wealth to public service and charitable causes such as
the Methodist Episcopal Church. In the 1870s, he co-founded the Chautauqua
Movement of adult education, which included music, exercise, spiritual discussions,
and scientific lectures. He was also the inventor of the "Akron Plan"
for Sunday Schools, a building layout with a central assembly aisle surrounded
by small classrooms. He created a system to encourage Sunday School work. A
committee was created to provide the Sunday School curriculum in a uniform
manner, also known as the "uniform Lesson Plan."
Miller was the
father-in-law of inventor Thomas Edison. His daughter Mina Miller (1865-1947)
studied music in New Jersey, where she met Thomas Edison. They were married at
the Miller family home in Akron in 1886.[11]
World
Father of Biblical Archaeology
William Foxwell Albright
(1891-1971) was born in Coquimbo, Chile. He was the son of American Methodist
missionaries Wilbur Finley Albright and Zephine Viola Foxwell, of the Mission
of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He had a crippled right hand because of an
accident in his childhood and severe nearsightedness.
He attended Upper Iowa
University. William married Dr. Ruth Norton in 1921 and they had four children.
He received his Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University in Maryland. He was a
pioneer of archaeology, a linguist and a specialist in ceramics.
A key figure in the
20th-century biblical archaeology movement. He was the dean of archaeologists
and the world father of biblical archaeology.
He excavated at Gibeah,
Kiriath-sepher, Beth-zur, Bethel, and Petra. He gained notoriety for his work
authenticating the Dead Sea Scrolls in 1948.
He was a master of various
disciplines related to the study of the ancient Middle East, in particular the
world of the Old Testament. He was considered a genius by many.[12]
Creator
of unleavened wine
Thomas Bramwell Welch
(1825-1903) was born in Glastonbury, England, and immigrated to the USA. At age
17, Thomas Welch joined the Wesleyan Methodist Connection, of which he became
pastor. The Connection fought strongly against alcoholic beverages and against
the buying and selling of slaves.
He helped runaway slaves
find their way to freedom by going from the U.S. South to Canada via the
"underground railroad." He was no ordinary man. He married Victoria
Sherbume Welch. He was a dentist, having greatly improved his profession. He was
also a doctor. Welch was heavily involved in the temperance movement and became
a police officer in Philadelphia, arresting illegal liquor vendors.
As an advocate of
temperance, he invented the pasteurization process to prevent the fermentation
of grape juice, preventing it from becoming alcoholic. He convinced the
local churches to use this wine in the Lord's Supper.
In 1869, Welch began
drinking his wine unfermented. The marketing was done, but he never received a
penny in return for his investment. Little did he imagine that wine would be
used as a beverage for the general public. In 1893, at the Chicago World's Fair,
the business grew, and in 1897 the Welch Grape Juice Company was formed.
In 1930, Welch's
grandchildren distributed 10% of the company's common stock among its 300
employees.[13]
Inventor
of the first refrigerated trains
Gustavus Franklin Swift
(1839-1903) was born in Sagamore, Massachusetts, USA. His family lived on a
farm where pigs and oxen were raised, and where he came up with the idea for packaged
meat. Swift had little interest in studies and worked numerous jobs. With money
borrowed by his father, he bought a heifer and sold it for a profit.
Since then, he has opened
his own butcher shop. It rapidly expanded its operations. Swift has mounted
large-scale advertising campaigns to gain the public's trust and has partnered
advantageously with local butchers.
He married Annie Higgins,
with whom he had nine children. Gustavus Swift had its headquarters in Chicago.
He revolutionized the meatpacking industry, using refrigerated cars on the
railroad. He invented the first refrigerated trains, which allowed frozen meat
to be taken to distant places.
Swift donated large sums of
money to institutions such as the University of Chicago. He was also a
benefactor of St. James Methodist Episcopal Church, making large donations.
When he died in 1903, the
company's turnover was estimated at between $125 million and $135 million. He
was a pioneer in the use of animal by-products for the manufacture of soap,
glue, fertilizers, and various types of medical products.[14]
He
created his first playground and was decisive in the fight against
yellow fever
Hugh
Clarence Tucker (1857-1956) was born in Williamson County, Tennessee, USA. He
was a missionary in Brazil. He was married to Euvira Tucker, daughter of Bishop
John Cowper Granbery. Tucker represented the Board of Missions at world
meetings and in Brazil and was one of the most important evangelical figures in
the world. An advocate and practitioner of the Social Gospel. He worked at the
American Bible Society.
He was a friend of Oswaldo Cruz and introduced him
to the American Methodist physician Walter Reed, who had discovered the origin
of yellow fever. He created the Central Institute of the People, the first
organized social center in Brazil, in 1906, for the inhabitants of the favelas
of Saúde and Gamboa. In 1911, it introduced the first playground for
children, in Rio de Janeiro.
He was secretary of the
American Bible Society for 47 years; he made several missionary trips,
distributing Bibles throughout the country. In 1903, he was elected the
first president of the Brazilian Evangelical Alliance. He helped found the
Young Men's Christian Association; the Evangelical Hospital, of which he was
president; the Foreigners' Hospital; the Brazil-United States Institute (Ibeu)
and the American Society. He served as secretary of the Social Action Board of
the Methodist Church (1939-1946) and in several commissions to help the
scourged in Asia, Europe, and Latin America. He presided over the 1st Methodist
General Council in Brazil, in 1930. On October 25, 1943, the Brazilian
government granted him theOrder of the Southern Cross,received from the
hands of Oswaldo Aranha. In 1956, theEsso Reporterof Rádio Nacional
announced his death.[15]
He wrote
more than 9 thousand hymns
Fanny
Crosby (1820–1915) was born in the village of Brewster, about
50 km north of New York. He wrote more than 9 thousand hymns. At just over a
month, he had an eye infection. The doctor prescribed poultices of hot mustard,
and the girl went blind. He fled the city, such was the revolt aroused among
the baby's relatives and neighbors. Fanny's father passed away soon after.
Fanny
Crosby was
evangelized by her grandmother, who spent hours reading the Bible to her, who
showed an extraordinary memory. At the Institute for the Blind in New York, he
taught for more than 35 years. He played the piano and harp. At the Institute,
she met Alexandre Van Alstyne, a musician who was also blind and whom she
married at the age of 38.
She was
one of the most well-known women in the U.S. in her time. She was a preacher.
He published a book of poems. Among his hymns are: I want to be at the foot
of the cross; To God we have given glory; My Lord, I am yours; Tell
this story. A film was made about her life: Fanny Crosby story. She
was well known to five presidents of the United States.
Fanny
was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church of New York. She was a devout
speaker and often prepared the church's children's services. On her tombstone
is written: "She did as much as she could. Without a doubt, she was a
heroine of the faith."[16]
Created
the first industrial plastic, saving elephants
John
Wesley Hyatt (1837-1920) was an inventor born in Starkey, Seneca Lake, New
York, USA. He was the son of John W. Hyatt, a fervent Methodist blacksmith, and
Anne Gleason Hyatt. He had an ordinary school education and was sent by his
parents to Eddystown Seminary to be a pastor, but he had other gifts.
Eager to sit on his own, he
left his hometown at age 16 to work as a printer's helper in Illinois and later
in Albany, NY. At the age of 29, his wife Julia died of pneumonia. In 1861,
Hyatt patented a knife sharpener and developed celluloid (1869-1870), the first
commercial plastic to replace ivory used in billiard balls. It was estimated
that 50,000 elephants were killed each year to make ivory balls. Thus, his invention saved thousands of elephants.
He invented the Hyatt
filter to purify water on the go. He founded the Albany Dental Plate Company
(1870), later changed to the Celluloid Manufacturing Company. With his brother
Isaiah, he founded the Hyatt Pure Water Company in 1881 and the Hyatt Roller
Bearing Company in 1891. In the following years, he filed more than 200
patents. Celluloid was widely used in cinemas at the turn of the century. It
was used to make some of the first gramophone records.[17]
First to
end racism in baseball
Wesley Branch Rickey
(1881-1965) was born in Ohio, on a farm. He was the son of Jacob Franklin
Rickey, a devout Methodist. He was strongly educated by his mother, Emily, who
helped give him a strong faith. Rickey was a football player and coach at Ohio
Wesleyan University and Allgheney College.
His many accomplishments of
deep Christian faith earned him the nickname "mahatma." He was the
general manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers baseball team. A devoted Methodist. It
paved the way for black players and helped inspire the civil rights movement of
the 1950s and '60s. Against everyone's opinion, he brought the first black man,
Jackie Robinson, to play in the professional league. Rickey said, "I may
not be able to do something about racism in every field, but I can do it in
baseball."
In 1991, the Rotary Club of
Denver created the Branch Roichey Award, which is given annually to a
baseball championship player in recognition of exceptional service to the
community. It is a story of vision, courage, and service. Rickey is
compared to abolitionist William Wilberforce of England.
Some contemporary
sportswriters called Rickey the "Second Great Liberator" (after
Lincoln). The film42, released in 2013, portrays the story of Jackie
Robinson and Wesley Rickey.[18]
He
sought the Kingdom of God,
won the Nobel
Peace Prize
.
John Raleigh Mott
(1865-1955) was born in Livingston Manor, New York, and grew up in a settler
family in Iowa, USA, influenced by Puritan ideals. He earned a bachelor's
degree in history from Cornell University. In Postville, Iowa, his father was a
lumber merchant and became the city's first mayor. At age 16, Mott enrolled at
Mott Upper Iowa University, a small Methodist preparatory school, and college
in Fayette.
His life
changed when he heard this phrase in a lecture by J. Kynaston Studd on January
14, 1886: "Do you seek great things for yourself? Don't look for them.
Seek first the Kingdom of God." In 1891, he married Leila Ada White, with
whom he had two sons and two daughters. He was the creator and organizer of the
International Mission Conference in Edinburgh in 1910.
He
received theNobel Peace Prizeof 1946. In 1954, he presided over the
World Council of Churches. He was president of the International Missionary
Council and the World Alliance of Young Men's Christian Associations. He has
received honorary awards from China, Czechoslovakia, Finland, France, Greece,
Hungary, Italy, Japan, Jerusalem, Poland and other countries. It has crossed
the Atlantic more than a hundred times and the Pacific 16 times. He wrote 16
books. His best-known book isThe evangelization of the world in this
generation.[19]
Korea's First Female Lawyer and Judge
Tai-Young
Lee (1914-1998) was born in Pukjin, Unsan County, now North Korea. His father
was a gold miner. She was Korea's first female lawyer and first female judge. She
fought for women's rights all her life. One of her most quoted phrases is:
"no society can or will prosper without the cooperation of women".
She is a third-generation Methodist. His grandfather founded the Methodist
Church in the city of Pukjin.
After
attending school in Pukjin, she graduated from Chung Ei Girls High School in
1931. She studied at Ewha Womans University, Seoul, majoring in Home Economics.
In 1936, she married Yil Hyung Chyung, a Methodist minister, who was arrested
on charges of being a U.S. spy. He later became foreign minister of the
Republic of Korea.
In 1938,
they moved to Seoul, where her husband taught at the Methodist Theological
Seminary. She was the founder of Korea's first Legal Aid Center in 1956. In
1971, he participated in the World Peace Conference. In 1975, she received the Ramon
Magsaysay Award, for her
work in the cause of equal judicial rights for the liberation of Korean women.
In 1977, she was arrested and the following year she received the award from
the International Association for Legal Aid. In 1981, he received an honorary
juris doctorate from Maddison University.
In 1984,
he received theWorld Methodist Peace Prize.Tai-Young Lee has written 15
books.[20]
Invented
the first passenger elevator
Elisha
Graves Otis (1811-1861) was born near Halifax, Vermont, USA. He was the son of
Stephen Otis and Phoebe Glynn Otis. He married Susan Houghton, who died leaving
two young children. Otis was a rare case of pneumonia and could not work. From
1838 to 1845, he manufactured a batch of wagons and carriages.
He
married Elizabeth Otis and moved to Albany, New York, where he worked as a doll
maker. Otis decided to create his own business. He rented a building and began
designing a safety brake to stop trains instantly. He created an automatic
oven. In 1852, he was able to invent a system that prevented an eventual fall
from an elevator.
In 1853,
he founded the Otis Elevator Company. Today, it is a unit of United
Technologies Corporation, which is the world's leading manufacturer of
elevators, escalators and moving walkways. Otis sold his first safe elevators
in 1853. The first people elevator was installed in New York in 1857. He also
patented a steam plow in 1857 and a rotary kiln in 1858. His genius was
recognized. After his death in 1861, his sons, Charles and Norton, created the
company Otis Brothers & Co in 1867.
War hero
and geo-expedition pioneer
John
Wesley Powell (1934-1902) was born in Mount Morris, New York, USA. He was
the son of Joseph and Mary Powell. His father was a Methodist preacher who had
immigrated to the U.S. from England. Powell studied at Illinois College,
Illinois Institute and Oberlin College. He married Emma Dean Powell, with whom
he had a daughter, Mary Dean Powell.
Between
1855 and 1858, Powell undertook several adventures, traveling and paddling down
the Mississippi, Ohio, Illinois, and Des Moines rivers. In 1859, he was elected
to the Illinois Natural History Society. In the civil war (1862-1865), fought for the Union and
reached the rank of major. He fought against slavery and lost his right arm,
but he fought again. In 1865, he was appointed professor of geology and museum
curator at Wesleyan University in Bloomington, and later a professor at
Illinois State University. After 1867, he led several expeditions to the Rocky
Mountains and around the Verde and Colorado Rivers, including the first
expedition for scientific purposes to cross theGrand Canyon. Powell
served as the second director of the U.S. Geological Survey (1881–1894). He
created the first Museum of Anthropology at Illinois State University.He was
head of the Department of American Ethnology. He invented the word
"acculturation". He was a soldier, geologist, anthropologist,
ethnologist and an explorer who made great contributions, defending an ethics
of the land, something revolutionary in his time. Powell became a legend, a
hero. He made the first classification of theAmerindian languages(Native American peoples). The
Powell Museum was organized in 1969. Several books have been written about him
and 44 books by him. His most famous book isExploring the Colorado River and
Canyons.[21]
The
black Thomas Edison
Granville Tailer Woods
(1856-1910) was born into a mixed-race family in Columbus, USA, where he
attended school until he was 10 years old and apprenticed to a machinist and
blacksmith. He took a two-year university course in Electrical and Mechanical
Engineering. He was a firefighter and became an engineer. In 1880, he
moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he worked as an electrical engineer and
inventor. He received a patent for the multiplex telegraph and reorganized his
company, the Woods Electric Company.
In 1892, he moved to New
York. His first patent, in 1884, was for a steam boiler furnace. His main
inventions were: improved telephone transmitter, 1884; electrical apparatus for
the transmission of messages, 1885; induction telegraph system, 1887; galvanic
battery, 1888; automatic cut-out safety system for electric currents, 1889; reelectric
railway supply system, 1893; regulator for electric motors, 1896; egg
incubator, 1900; automatic air brake; designed a wheel, called a troller,
which allowed the car to receive electric current, reducing friction – it is
the origin of the popular name for a street car. He was called black
Edison. On his grave is written: "Mr. Woods is perhaps the best known of
all inventors, whose accomplishments contribute to the credit of our race; In
his death, he left us the rich legacy of a life successfully dedicated to the
cause of progress."
Public
Elementary School in Brooklyn, New York, is named after Granville. He received
about 60 patents (some claim there were more than 100). He was from the African
Methodist Episcopal Church. He was the first black man in the U.S. to be a
mechanical and electrical engineer.[22]
Creator
of the Coca-Cola industry
Asa Griggs Candler
(1851–1929) was born in Villa Rica, Georgia, USA. He was an American pharmacist
and magnate creator of the Coca-Cola industry, formed in 1890. Asa Candler has
made the Coca-Cola brand a worldwide entity, especially with aggressive marketing.
He and his family went to the Methodist Church in a revival.
Asa married Lucy Elizabeth
Howard in 1891, and they had five children. He was mayor of Atlanta, Georgia
(1916–1919). He was a member of the First Methodist Church of Atlanta. In 1914,
he donated one million dollars to Emory University, then a Methodist college.
This gift was influenced by Asa's younger brother, Methodist Bishop Warren Akin
Candler, who became president of Emory. Candler also donated millions to what
would later become Emory Hospital. For more than 30 years, he chaired the
Board of Trustees of Emory.
Asa
"saw his personal wealth as a divine trust to be used for the benefit of
humanity." This belief led him to work on several projects in the
South, including the creation of Wesley Memorial Hospital (now Emory University
Hospital).
Throughout
his life, he donated about 8 million dollars to the university. The Candler
Methodist School of Theology in Emory is named after the Candler brothers.[23]
He
founded one of the largest pharmaceutical conglomerates
Wallace Calvin Abbott
(1857-1921) was born in Bridgewater, Vermont, USA. He was a physician and a
Methodist. Abbott was an unusual type of man: he brought together qualities
such as medical talent, scientific spirit and entrepreneurial streak. He sought
to produce medicines to improve the health of his patients.
Moved by
this idea, in 1888 he began to manufacture pills based on alkaloids extracted
from medicinal plants. He married Clara and they had a daughter, Eleanor. He
founded Abbott Laboratory, one of the world's largest health care companies in
more than 130 countries. In 1916, the antiseptic agent Chlorazene, produced by
the company, was used on the battlefields ofWorld War I to clean the
wounds of thousands of soldiers. In 1985, the company developed the first HIV
blood screening test. It produced medicines for rheumatoid arthritis,
psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Abbott Laboratories is one
of the largest pharmaceutical conglomerates in the world.
Abbott's
daughter, Eleanor Abbott Ford, donated a musical organ to the church. She
married Rollin Ford, who started out as a driver for the Abbott Laboratory and
was director of a gymnastics center at Ravenswood Methodist Church.
Wallace
Abbott lived a modest life, grounded in the Methodist faith. He has co-authored
several books and is editor-in-chief of theThe American Journal of Clinical
Medicine.He was a member of Ravenswood Methodist Church in Chicago.[24]
Son of a
Methodist pastor discovered
The
origin of yellow fever
Walter
Reed (1851-1902) was born in Gloucester County, Virginia. He was the son of
Lemuel Sutton Reed, a Methodist minister, and Pharaba White. He married Emilie.
He received his medical degree from the University of Virginia and was an
attending physician at the Children's Hospital of New York. He worked as a
doctor in the U.S. Army.
Reed was
a pathologist and bacteriologist and traveled to Cuba to study diseases in U.S.
Army camps.
In 1896,
he proved that yellow fever is not transmitted by contaminated water or by
contact with clothing worn by a yellow fever patient. He proved that yellow
fever is caused by the bite of an infected mosquito, Stegomyia fasciata
(later renamed Aedes aegypti). In 1900, he confirmed that yellow fever
is transmitted by mosquitoes, and not by direct contact. It ended the outbreak
in Cuba in 90 days.
In 1901,
after returning from Cuba as a major, Reed continued to publish on yellow
fever. He received an honorary degree
from Harvard and Michigan universities, in recognition of his work.
In his
honor, Walter Reed General Hospital was created. In 1938, the filmYellow
Jackportrayed his story in Cuba in the fight against yellow fever.[25]
Jurist, patriot and martyr of the Philippines
in World War 2
Jose Abad Santos (1886-1942) was born in San
Fernando, Pampanga, Philippines. In 1904, he went to the U.S. as a government
pensioner. He attended pre-law school at Santa Clara College in California and
his law degree at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. USA. He earned
a master's degree in Law from George Washington University in 1909.
When he returned to the Philippines, he served as
an assistant prosecutor in the Department of Justice (1913-1917). In 1919, he
was instrumental in laying the legal foundations of the Philippine Women's
University. He was a staunch Methodist, a member of the Central Methodist
Church of Manila. He married Amanda Teopaco and they had six children. He was
the first Philippine corporate lawyer for the Philippine National Bank, Manila
Railroad Company. He became Attorney General and served as Legal Director to the
President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives of the
Philippines. He was Secretary of Justice (1921-1923, 1928 and 1931). In 1932,
he became a Supreme Court justice, and chief justice in 1941.
In the Japanese invasion of the Philippines in
1942, President Manuel L. Quezon went to the U.S. and appointed José Abad
Santos as interim president. He was captured with his son, Jose Jr. (Pepito).
He went to the firing squad for not cooperating with the Japanese, but first he
told his son: "Don't cry, Pepito, show these people that you are brave. It
is an honor to die for the country. Not everyone has that chance." He was executed on May 2, 1942.
He is remembered for having served in the
Philippines with the utmost honor and patriotism. It has received many honors:
one of the Women's University schools and one of the sixCampusesof the
Arellano University are named after him.[26]
Awarded
for promoting peace
in
Northern Ireland
Harold
Good was born in Londonderry, Ireland, in 1937. He was ordained a minister
of the Methodist Church in 1962. He was president of the Methodist Church in
Ireland (2001-2002) and served as director of the Centre for Reconciliation
Corrymeela for five years, a place of refuge for those affected by the
conflicts in Ireland.
He has
taken a courageous stand and has made friends with all sides in the conflicts
in Northern Ireland. In the 1969 riots, wounded people were brought to his
church, and when an IRA bomb exploded before Christmas in 1971, he was one of
those who helped pull dead children out of the rubble.
He
ministered to prisoners on the Crumlin Road and was vital for the IRA to
apologize on the 30th anniversary of "Bloody Friday." He has promoted reconciliation in Northern Ireland.
Won theWorld
Methodist Peace Prizein 2007. He received theGandhi Peace Awardand
theRene Casin Human Rights Award, of the Basque Government. Queen
Elizabeth II appointed him a Member of the Order of the British Empire in 1970
and an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1985.[27]
The
Leading Expert in Bee Genetics
Warwick
Estevam Kerr was born in Santana do Parnaíba, Brazil, in 1922. He is a
geneticist, agronomist, entomologist and professor. He was a professor at the
Federal University of Uberlândia and a member of the Brazilian Academy of
Sciences, the American Academy of Sciences and the Third World Academy of
Sciences. In 1956, Kerr introduced the African bee to Brazil and developed
the Africanized bee, a more docile bee and an excellent honey producer.
He also
dedicated himself to the genetic improvement of foods, including lettuce 20
times richer in vitamin A4. He was president of the Brazilian Society for the
Advancement of Science (1969-1973). From 1975 to 1979, he was director of the
National Institute for Research in the Amazon (Inpa). He became known for his
research on the hybridization of African bees and the Italian bee.
In 1977,
Kerr was elected a member of the International Commission on Genetics
(1977–1984). He was admitted by President Itamar Franco to the National Order
of Scientific Merit in the Grand Cross class, in 1994. Kerr became the first
Brazilian to belong to the United States Academy of Sciences. He is considered
one of the greatest Brazilian geneticists and the world's leading expert in bee
genetics.
At the
Central Methodist Church of Piracicaba, he was a lay guide, president of the
Board of Economers, counselor of the youth and teacher of the youth class in
the Sunday School. Warwick Kerr received theMethodist Order of Meritin
2006.[28]
Missionary
and defender of the Chinese
Otis
Gibson (1826-1889) was born on a farm in Moira, New York. He was converted 13
years after his brother's death. At age 19, he joined the Methodist Episcopal
Church. In the early 1850s, he studied at Dickinson College. He was a teacher
in Maryland and married Elizabeth, with whom he had two children. Gibson
graduated in 1854 and was ordained in 1854. He and his family went to Foochow,
China, in 1855. They established the Church of the True God and the Church of
Heavenly Peace, the first two Methodist churches built in East Asia. Ting Ang
was the first Methodist convert in China, in 1857. In 1859, Gibson established
a boarding school for laymen and ministers. He also helped in the work of
translating the Bible and other Christian books into the local Foochow dialect.
He began the Methodist mission in Yen-p'ing in 1864.
Gibson
returned to the U.S. in 1865 because of his wife's illness and went to be a
pastor in Moira, Franklin
County, New York. In 1868, he went to San
Francisco, California, as superintendent of the "Chinese Internal
Mission" of the Methodist Church. He learned the Cantonese dialect and
opened missions and churches. He wrote a Chinese-English dictionary and
translated the New Testament into Cantonese (simplified Chinese).
The
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 discriminated against, persecuted, and barred
Chinese immigration. Gibson defended the immigration law of the Chinese in his
bookThe Chinese in America. In 1870, she organized the Women's
Missionary Society of the Pacific Coast, which built a building, in 1901, the
"Methodist Mission House" (Home and Oriental School), rescuing women
and the "Mui Tsai" – girls in captivity – who were sold or thrown
into prostitution in San Francisco's Chinatown. They were welcomed and received
education and professional training. The law that discriminated against the
Chinese was repealed in 1943.[29]
Young
man converted a nation of cannibals
John
Hunt (1812-1848) was born in England. He was the son of illiterate parents with
no religion. He converted to the Wesleyan Methodist Church. He entered seminary
and accepted the challenge of evangelizing cannibals in Fiji with his wife,
Hannah Summers. In Fiji, he tried to work intensively. He had to endure
atrocities of cannibalism. Three of his children died shortly after birth.
A
cannibal king threatened him with death, but a revival took place, and many
lives were transformed. In the first week alone, a hundred were converted. The
carpets in the chapel were wet with her tears. The queen of Viwa was also
converted.
John
Hunt introduced to Fiji (1838-1848) Western ideas of education and medicine,
along with the ethical and religious principles of Christianity. He worked on
translating the Bible into the native language, completing the New Testament,
and beginning the translation of the Old Testament. His translation of the New
Testament is used in Fiji. The conversion of the cannibal warrior Varani in
1845 was instrumental in the expansion of Christianity in the islands.
John
Hunt worked with apostolic zeal and died praying for Fiji: "God, in
Christ's love, bless Fiji, save Fiji." He died of dysentery, and ten
Fijians wished to give their lives in exchange for Hunt's life. Today, 36% of
Fiji's population are Methodists. One of the first books on John Hunt's Mission
among the cannibals was written in 1859 byGeorge StringerRowe.[30]
Pioneer
Medical Missionary in India
Clara A.
Swain (1834-1910) was born in Elmira, New York, USA. At the age of eight, he
joined the Methodist Church, a decision that influenced his Christian life. At
the age of 21, Swain began teaching private students in Castile. Later, he
moved to Canandaigua, New York, to teach in a school, developing an interest in
Medicine, to take care of the sick. She graduated from Woman's Medical College
of Pennsylvania.
Her call
to service in India came from the need to have a quality female doctor for the
high caste of women in India. Swain arrived in Bareilly, India, in 1869, where
he spent 27 years caring for women and children and evangelizing. In her first
year, she trained 17 medical students to help her with patients and treated at
least 1,300 patients. By 1874, she had built the Women's Hospital and School of
Medicine, the first in all of Asia.
Despite
resistance to Western medicine, the mission was successful. She became a palace
doctor in Rajputana State. Her success gave her a position at court to attend
to women's health and, in her spare time, to work in a clinic and a school for
girls. She took the opportunity to teach that Christ had come to deliver women
from sin and elevate their position. She has been called the "pioneering
medical woman in India."
Work
began in Bareilly with a clinic for women and children that evolved to become
Sara Swain Hospital, the oldest and largest Methodist hospital in India.[31]
Nobel Prize for the discovery of Insulin
Frederick Grant Banting (1891-1941) was born in
Alliston, Toronto, Ontario. His parents, William and Margaret, were
farmers and had a strong Methodist faith. Banting "grew up with
the Methodist ethic and its emphasis on hard work." In 1898, he studied in
public school and, in 1906, in high school. He struggled to finish high school.
In 1910, he entered Victoria College at the University of Toronto to study to
be a Methodist minister, but left before the end of his freshman year and set
his sights on medical school. In 1912, he was admitted to the University of
Toronto Faculty of Medicine. In 1916, he graduated from medical
school. He was accepted into the Canadian Army Medical Corps and served in
France.
Upon returning to Canada, he completed his training
as an orthopedic surgeon. In 1920, he began practicing medicine and surgery in
Ontario. He went through major financial struggles and began painting simple
watercolors, hoping to sell some, exhibiting his first oil sketches in theHart
House Sketch Club, in 1925. One of Banting's beautiful paintings is the
paintingMethodist Chrch Port Hope, Heffel.He researched the idea of
isolating the internal secretion of the pancreas, but was discredited. In 1921,
the University granted Banting permission to proceed with his project. In 1921,
Banting and Charles Best succeeded with the experiment with diabetic dogs. In
1922, the experiment on a 14-year-old boy worked. He was named Canada's first
professor of medical research. By 1923, he was the most famous man in Canada.
He married Marion (1924) and then Henrietta (1937). In 1923, he and J.J.R.
Macleod were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Banting shared
the prize with Charles Best. In 1930, the Parliament of Canada assisted him in
the installation of theBanting Institute, for investigation. In
1934, he was knighted in Canada by King George V. During World War II, he was a
major in the Medical Corps and head of the medical section of the National
Research Council of Canada.[32]
Prophetic voice in England in defense of animals
David L. Clough was born in 1968, England. He
received a bachelor's and master's degree in arts from the University of
Cambridge in natural sciences and theology in 1989. Clough earned a Ph.D. from
Yale University in 2000. He is president of the Society for the Study of
Christian Ethics and Visiting Professor at the University of Winchester's
Animal Welfare Center.
Clough is Professor of Theological Ethics and Head
of Theology and Religious Studies at the University of Chester. He is the
author of "Ethics in Crisis: Ethics of Barth Interpretation",
co-editor of "Creature Theology: God, Humans and Other Animals". He
is president of the UK Society for the Study of Christian Ethics. He is a
member of the Faith and Order Network of the UK Methodist Church. He is a
member of the Joint Methodist Advisory Committee on the Ethics of Investment.
In the last decade he has focused his research on
the place of animals in Christian theology and ethics. In 2015, he launched the
Creature Kind project, which is based on the purpose of involving Churches with
animal welfare as a matter of faith. Clough makes a theological
critique of the cruelty of factory farming. He says it is time for churches to
see animal suffering as a fundamental Christian concern. He states that our
current practices of raising animals for food show is a complete indifference
to life. Clough lives next door to Chester Zoo in North-West England with his
family of five humans, a cat and three Mongolian squirrels. Clough is a
pacifist and Methodist lay preacher.[33]
Pioneers in the fight against slavery in Antigua
Elizabeth Hart Thwaites (1772-1833) and Anne Hart
Gilbert (1773-1833) were born in Antigua, the Caribbean, at the time, a
plantation site, slaves, and a British naval post ruled by "rough and
mercenary whites." They were the daughters of Anne and Barry, a free black
family. Elizabeth and Anne caused a scandal in Antigua when they decided to
marry lay and white Methodist leaders, Anne to John Gilbert in 1798, and
Elizabeth to Charles around 1805. Another scandal was the baptism of young
people in the Methodist Church, in 1786, by Thomas Coke. They actively worked
to spread Methodism among the blacks of Antigua. In 1797, there were 2,379
black people and 25 white people in the Methodist Church in Antigua.
The so-called "Hart sisters" defended a
Christianity that challenged the prevailing patriarchal and slavery situation.
They insisted that in God's work, women had the right to pursue holy work, and
not just men. They defended political equality, thus proposing that blacks and
slaves should be equal to whites. They used writing to challenge the
patriarchal order. They were the first African-Caribbean writers. In 1804, Anne
and Elizabeth wrote a brief history of Methodism in Antigua. Elizabeth also
wrote poetry, hymns, letters, and an anti-slavery tract. In 1801, Elizabeth
founded a private school in St. John's. In 1809, they opened the first Sunday
School in the Caribbean for boys and girls, regardless of race. In 1813, the Bethesda School for enslaved children
was built.
In 1815, they founded the "Society of the
Refuge of Women" for orphans and women. They condemned prostitution.
"Most Afro-descendant women, free or slave, engaged in concubinage in
intimate partnerships with black or white men and had limited educational and
professional opportunities." Anne and Elizabeth were pioneers in the fight
against slavery in Antigua.[34]
The Methodist Isaac Newton
John Downes (1722-1774) was probably born in
Horsley, Northumberland, England, where he was a member of the Methodist
society. He was encouraged by Grace Murray to preach. The year 1744
was a very important one for Downes. He accompanied John Wesley and John Nelson
and preached in Cornwall, which is southwest of a Peninsula in England. In 1744
he was also released from the army and was one of four lay preachers who
attended the First Conference with Wesley. In 1749, John Wesley, John Nelson, and
John Downes led a great revival in Cornwall.
Wesley considered him one of the most outstanding
men of his generation. Downes was highly gifted in mathematics, mechanics, and
the arts. As health was shaken, in 1751, Wesley put him in charge of the
printing operations. He left itinerancy and preached in the chapels of London.
John Downes said, "I feel such a great love for the people of West Street
that I could be content to die with them." And Downes went to preach in
West Street saying, "Come unto me, ye weary and heavy laden." He
preached ten or twelve minutes, fell and died. In the Journal of November 4,
1774, Wesley pays a beautiful tribute to Downes. He is cited as the mechanical
genius of early Methodism. Wesley said, "I suppose he was by
nature as great a genius as Sir Isaac Newton." Once, his father asked him
to take his watch to Newcastle to be repaired. Downes "observed the
watchmaker's tools and the way he took it in pieces and put it back together.
When he returned home, he first made the tools, and then made a watch that was
as true as any in the city."
In 1744, he said: "I am so happy that I
scarcely know how to live, I enjoy such communion with God, as I thought could
not be done on this side of heaven".[35]
The Socrates of the Methodist Church
Borden Parker Bowne (1847-1910) was born in
Leonardville, New Jersey, USA. His father was a farmer, Methodist
preacher, and abolitionist. His mother was a Quaker and also an abolitionist.
Bowne learned from his parents to be inflexible in moral matters and to
emphasize the dignity of people. He had a disciplined life along the lines of
Methodism. Bowne married Kate Morrison and they had no children. He completed
his degree at Pennington Seminary and entered New York University in 1867. He
graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1871. In 1872, he was ordained a
Methodist deacon and assigned to a rural congregation on Long Island, in
Whitestone, but soon after, in 1873, he went to study in Europe where he worked
as a journalist in New York City (1874-1876). He graduated with a Master of
Arts degree from New York University in 1876. In 1886, Bowne became head of the
philosophy department at Boston University for more than thirty years. During
this period, he attended the · Methodist Church in Brookline, Boston.
Bowne was even accused of heresy. In 1904, he
defended himself and was acquitted by the Church. It was more influenced by the
Bible than any other book. He had a devotion to a personal and loving
God. Bowne was a sharp critic of positivism and naturalism. Among
his works are: Metaphysics (1882); Personalism (1908); The Christian Revelation
(1898); The Immanence of God (1905); The Essence of Religion (1910), etc. Bowne
influenced philosophy. One of his greatest influences was on Martin Luther King
Jr., who studied at Boston University.
He was an advocate of temperance and an
uncompromising apologist for progressive morality. For him, the way of relating
in the family maintains our best clues to moral progress. "Bowne was one
of the most influential thinkers and writers of the American personalist school
of philosophy." He received nine nominations for the Nobel Prize in
Literature between 1906 and 1909. He is considered "the father of American
personalism".[36]
A woman
ahead of her time
Nelle Harper Lee (1926-2016) was born inMonroeville,AlabamaUSA. He grew up a Methodist and was a member of
First United Methodist Church in Monroeville. His family was the
"backbone" of the Church. The stained glass windows in the chapel
were in honor of Lee's parents. Her older sister, Alice, was a lawyer and
leader in the local church and was the first woman to lead the delegation ofAlabama-Westat
the General Conference of the Methodist Church.
Harper Lee attended law school in Montgomery,
Alabama. In 1949, she moved to New York, where she worked for an airline while
trying to pursue a career in writing. In 1956, the Browns family decided to
support Lee for a year so that she could write full-time. She quit her job to
write. In1960PublishedTo
Kill a Mockingbird(The Sun Is for All), becoming successful where the
evidence of personal and social holiness reflects its Methodist heritage. A
screenplay was written based on the book of the same title, earning eight
Academy Award nominations. The film version won three awards. In 1961, she won
thePulitzer
Prize for Fictionfor his work of fiction, which portrays the south
of the country marked by racial struggle and social injustice. The book has
sold more than 40 million copies. In 2007, he received the "Presidential
Medal of Freedom of the United States" for his contributions to theliterature. The
moviesCloak(2005),Infamous(2006) and TV Scandalous Me: The Jacqueline Susann
Story (1998) depict her life. Harper Lee used the words "Methodist"
and "John Wesley" in the first few pages of her classic novelTo
Kill a Mockingbird.Lee had strength of character, fearless courage, ethical
heart to write a book about racial injustice before the Civil Rights Act.
Recently his book "Go, put a lookout", released in 2015, was
discovered.
The title comes from a verse in the book of the
prophet Isaiah and also includes Methodist references. President Bush said that
Harper Lee was ahead of her time and that her masterpiece nudged America.[37]
A man ahead of his time
Rui Ramos (1909-1962)
was born in Itaqui, RS, Brazil, and later moved to Alegrete. He was an active
Methodist with Wesley as the basis for his preaching of social justice. In
1937, he married Nehyta Martins Ramos and they had four children. In Alegrete he
was a lay guide and Sunday School teacher. He taught a course on Christian
Leadership and Efficiency. He was a lawyer, cattle rancher, poet, historian,
Methodist leader and politician. In 1959, he was elected State Deputy for the
PTB. He was a federal deputy twice (1951-55; 1959-62).
He was a great
Methodist representative in the Federal Chamber. He participated in the Latin
American Conference of Protestant Churches, in Peru, in 1961. He was a man
ahead of his time. Among his achievements are: Bill that created the Colony of
Passo Novo and Agricultural College; He designed the dams of Ibirapuita,
Guassu-Boi and Inhandui; He participated in the creation of the Methodist Rural
Institute of Alegrete by donating a piece of land. He took the initiative to
take the Federal Agrotechnical School to Alegrete. Rui Ramos obtained from the
government of the State of Goiás an excellent plot of land measuring 8,000
square meters for the construction and inauguration of the Methodist Church in
Brasilia.
Alegrete honored him
by giving his name to one of the city's parks - Rui Ramos Park - and Nehyta
Ramos Park, in honor of his wife. In 2015, the City Council of Alegrete honored
the couple with the title of Meritorious Citizens of Alegrete. The Methodist Church
awarded Ruy Ramos the Millennium Diploma and the Title of Methodist Emeritus of
the Twentieth Century. the sower of Ideals, the tribune of Rio Grande. In 2006,
the RS-640 road was renamed "Ruy Ramos Highway". The couple
influenced an entire generation in the municipality.[38]
Ahead of its time in
communication
Reinhard (Reinaldo) Brose was born in Germany.
Married to Susana, he was the father of two children. In 1964 he and his family
went as missionaries to Brazil on a Hamburg-Süd cargo ship from Antwerp. After
studying the language for a year in Campinas, São Paulo, he went to be a pastor
in Soledade and Santa Maria, RS. In the 1960s, he was part of the General
Department of Communication of the General Area of the Methodist Church of
Brazil.
Then he went to the Faculty of Theology, in São
Bernardo do Campo, to teach Christian Education, Communication and Preaching.
He was Director of the Faculty of Theology (1969-1970) and founded, in the 70s,
the Faculty of Social Communication of the current UMESP, contributing greatly
to the development of the Radio and TV course. For this, in 1973 he was
preparing at the BBC in London, England. He was an enthusiast of electronic
communication, a man of the avant-garde, ahead of his time, according to Davi Betts,
who worked with Brose. At the end of the 1980s, Reinhard returned with his
family to Germany and was appointed to the Methodist Church of Bremen. Retired
he went to Berlin and supported United Methodist World Mission. In 1994, he was
an election observer in Mozambique in the first free parliamentary elections
after the civil war.
He has published some
books, among them, "Christian Communication: the Gospel and the
Media"; "Christians Using Social Media: Tele-homiletics".
"The Electronic Visitor". It was the subject of a master's
dissertation entitled: "Trajectory of Protestant Ecclesial Communication
in Brazil: The Thought and Action of Reinhard Brose". Reinaldo Brose, as
he was known in Brazil, died at 82Years.[39]
Seed Planter in Japan
John Ing (1840–1920) was
born in Illinois, USA. He received his bachelor's and master's degrees from
Asbury University. He served in the Union Army in the Civil War, rising to the
rank of captain in the cavalry. He decided to return to his studies and follow
his father in the Methodist ministry. He was the valedictorian of the class of
1868. In 1870, he married Lucy Elizabeth Hawley, the daughter of a Presbyterian
minister. It was named for Lexington. Then he went as a missionary to China
(1870-1878). Soon he preached in Mandarin Chinese and opened a circuit in
Wuchen.
Lucy gave birth to a son in
1872. The death of one of their children left Lucy in poor health, and they
moved to Yokohama, Japan, where another child also died.
Apples in Japan were small,
bitter, and little eaten. In the mid-1870s, John introduced apples to Japan
using Western cultivation techniques, which were larger and
sweeter. John and Lucy were convinced to go to Hirosaki to teach at
Tsugaru Clan School, To-O-Gijuku. They started Sunday School classes and in
1875 a church was organized, which grew to two thousand members. Lucy's health
again deteriorated and she died in Missouri in 1881. Later, John
married Felicia Jones in 1884, the daughter of a Methodist minister.
Today the Aomori region,
where John planted the seeds, is the largest apple-producing region in
Japan. John Ing is known as the "Johnny Appleseed of
Japan" for his contribution to the apple industry. He also taught the
peasants how to grow cabbage, tomatoes, etc. John is remembered as the man who
brought economic and spiritual salvation to northern Japan.[40]
He created the first orthography for Haitian Creole
Ormonde McConnell was born in Ireland. He was the
son of a Methodist minister. He was a golfer and an athlete in Ireland. In
1927, he was an evangelist. In 1927 he entered the Methodist ministry and
overseas service. He studied French at Queen's University Belfast and theology
at Edgehill Theological College. In 1933, he was sent by the Wesleyan
Missionary Society of London to Haiti.
He married Primrose Beckett in 1934. For 36 years,
Primrose and Ormonde ministered to the Haitian people. The Church's work was in
French, but most spoke Kreyol (Creole). They worked developing adult
and child literacy programs. Between 1940 and 1945, Ormonde developed the first
technical orthography for Haitian Kreyol. Written Kreyol became the key in
popular instruction, although French was used alongside it. The Bible was
translated into Kreyol (Creole).
President Magloire gave permission to build the
first church in Port-au-Prince in 1954 by donating a Treasury check for
$15,000. In 1954, Hurricane Hazel struck Haiti and Ormonde was appointed
chairman of the Red Cross Committee to deal with such disasters. In 1957,
François (Papa Doc) Duvalier became President of the Republic. There was severe
repression and only through diplomacy did the Church survive.
Ormonde and Primrose had four children. Patrick,
born in Dublin, was a minister in the Methodist Church. Ormonde and Primrose
were extraordinarily dedicated. Among his books are: "Collaborators with
God", published in 1991. With Eugene Swan Jr. wrote: "You Can Learn
Creole: A Simple Introduction to Haitian Creole for English-Speaking
People," published in 1946. Ormonde retired in 1970 and died in
1998. He received the National Order of Honor and Merit of the
Republic of Haiti, the country's highest award for his pioneering work in
literature and agriculture.[41]
The
journalist who stood up to Hitler
Dorothy Thompson
(1893-1961) was born in Lancaster, New York, USA. Daughter of Margaret and
Peter Thompson, a Methodist minister. Margaret died when Dorothy was seven
years old (in 1901). Dorothy studied at Syracuse University and Illinois Institute of Technology. Soon,
she became important in New York's suffrage (women's suffrage) movement as an
organizer and speaker.
She was a great journalist,
political commentator, and one of the main opponents of Hitler and fascism.
In 1939, she was recognized
by Time Magazine as the second
most influential woman in America alongside Eleanor Roosevelt. It has been
dubbed "the blue-eyed tornado". She was the first American journalist
to be expelled from Nazi Germany, in 1934. She is considered by some to be the
"First Lady of American Journalism."
After graduating in
journalism, she moved to Europe. His negative reporting of Hitler and the Nazis
led to his expulsion in 1934. She became the first U.S. correspondent expelled
from Germany. He returned to America and went on to write in more than 150 newspapers
and comment on BNC Radio.
His column On the Record
was very popular. She married Nobel Prize winner novelist Sinclair Lewis in
1928 and had one son. He wrote some books, among them: "I saw
Hitler"; "The courage to be happy".
Towards the end of her
life, she supported nuclear disarmament and portrayed the Cold War as a
cultural and ideological battle rather than a military struggle.[42]
Built
the largest bell in the world
John Law
(1828-1914) was a pioneering plumber, gas fitter, metalworking and bell maker.
He was a founder and inventor operating one of the most interesting businesses
in SoHo, London. He emigrated from Leeds, England, and arrived in London in
1854.
Its
first foundry was in Richmond & Dundas Street, London. One of
Law's most notable accomplishments was to cast the largest bell in existence
(until 1890). A 650-kilogram bell presented at the UK market, London's Covent
Garden Market House.
During
his career, he manufactured a general line of hand, door, table, and house
bells, earning a diploma three times from the Western Fair for his bell
display. He also manufactured numbers for homes and repaired electrical
machines.
What
made John Law's career so remarkable was the fact that he was also an
inventor. One of his first inventions was to patent the use of
canned oil registered on July 12, 1870.
He was
also one of the first to develop the use of tar and petroleum waste as fuel for
steam engine boilers. Its tar burner was used in engines of the
Toronto Narrow Railroad.
Another
of his creations was a watering hole, erected in honor of one of his young
employees, Henry Deiner, 17, who drowned on July 1, 1869, while fishing in the
Hunt Dam with his brother.
John Law
died in August 1914, at the age of 86, at his Clarence Street country
home. He was a member of the Wellington Street Methodist Church
where his funeral was held. Law had four daughters and a son.[43]
First to free a slave
Martha Watts (1845-1910)
was born in Bardstown, Kentucky, USA. He took the Normal Course and during a
revival he was converted in 1874 and consecrated his life to the Lord Jesus. In
February 1881, Bishop Keener appointed her as the first missionary to Brazil. Martha
was a contemporary of Peter Cartwright, an itinerant Methodist preacher and
revivalist.
On March
26, 1881, at the age of 36, Martha and two other missionaries left New York,
via Europe, bound for Brazil. The missionaries were: Rev. J. W. Koger, wife,
little son and Rev. J. L. Kennedy. He soon learned Portuguese and organized the
first Sunday School in Piracicaba, even before the organization of the Church.
She founded Colégio Piracicabano, on February 13,
starting classes with only one student – Maria Escobar. In Brazil, it was the
first Methodist school. She was persecuted by the local authorities, but
the liberals came out in defense of the College. The school was the seed for
Unimep (Methodist University of Piracicaba), created in 1975.
She was the first to free a slave in
Piracicaba. Martha Watts went to Petrópolis and installed another school
there, in 1895, with the name of Colégio Americano de Petrópolis. She also
participated in the organization of the Izabela Hendrix Methodist Institute,
founded on October 5, 1904. In her honor, at Unimep, there is the Marta Watts
Cultural Center.[44]
First woman to speak at the U.S. Capitol
Dorothy Ripley (1767-1832) was born in Whitby,
Yorkshire, England. His father faced poverty. He was a master mason and a
Methodist preacher who accompanied Wesley and built the first Methodist Church
in Whithy. Dorothy met Wesley and his preachers at her father's house. In 1797,
she had a strong spiritual experience and felt that God had commanded her to
leave her home in England and travel to the U.S. on a mission to help African
slaves. He went on foot to London where he managed to board.
In 1802, she traveled to Washington to speak with
President Jefferson, especially about his desire to help slave women and
challenged him to have compassion on his 300 slaves. This fact opened the door
for her to be the first woman to speak, on January 12, 1806, in the House of
Representatives, in the presence of President Thomas Jefferson. She made her
base in Charleston, the stronghold of Southern American slavery.
His Wesleyan theology is revealed in his preaching
on social justice; doctrine of atonement that assumes universal salvation, the
guarantee of our salvation, and Wesley's doctrine of holiness. He proclaimed
"the joyful announcement of salvation" to Ethiopian children and was
involved in prison reform. She met with Thomas Jefferson, President of the USA,
and preached in several churches and wrote several books. On January 12, 1806,
she became the first woman to preach on the U.S. Capitol and the first woman to
speak there officially under any circumstances. She also fought against the
immorality of the death penalty. In 1818, he opened the first Methodist chapel
in Bingham County in Nottinghamshire. She was arrested accused of inciting
montins. Dorothy was a woman of prayer, preacher, writer, and missionary who
spent 30 years in the U.S. and crossed the Atlantic nine times seeking to
improve the lives of slaves. He proclaimed "the joyful announcement of
salvation" to Ethiopian children and became involved in prison reform. She
preached in several churches and wrote several books.[45]
He founded the soap and alkali factory
Thomas Hazlehurst
(1779-1842) was born inWinwick,LancashireEngland.
His family then moved to Cheshire and lived in Runcorn. Thomas
marriedMary Greenwoodand they
had seven children.
On the death of his
daughter in 1806, Thomas was converted to Methodism. He played a large role in
the development of the Church in the city. There were few Methodists, but
by 1827 they prospered and built a two-story chapel. Thomas was extremely
pious, praying morning, noon, and evening and would not allow himself to be
interrupted.
He participated in several
commercial enterprises before founding, in 1816, the soap and alkali factory*
calledHazlehurst
& Sons,inRuncorn,Cheshire. Initially, the alkali to
make soap would have been obtained fromseaweed. By 1830, he was making
his own alkaline by theLeblanc process**. He
was successful, and by 1832 his business was in the top 20 soap-producing
factories in Britain.
In order to disperse the pollution, he built a
huge chimney over 91 feet high that was one of the tallest chimneys at the
time. Thomas had four sons, William, John, Thomas junior and Charles, who all took part in running the
business.
Thomas Hazlehurst was a
devout Methodist. His family was largely responsible for the growth of
Methodism in the city during the 19th century. He was also active in civic
affairs in the city. After his death, his sons continued the work of the
factory. One of them, Thomas Junior, was called the "Chapel Builder"
and "Prince of the Wesleyans".[46]
First
African woman bailiff
Charlotte Maxeke (1874-1939) was born in Ramokgopa,
Polokwane, South Africa. His mother was a schoolteacher and his father a
foreman and a lay preacher in the Presbyterian Church. He attended primary
school in Uitenhage, senior school in Port Elizabeth and Edwards Memorial
school. In 1885, her family moved to Kimberley where she became a teacher.
Charlotte and her sister, Katie, joined the African Choir in 1891, which toured
England (1891-1893) to honor Queen Victoria. In 1894, Charlotte went with a choir
to Canada and the USA. In America he won a scholarship to Wilberforce
University in Cleveland, Ohio, where he met and married Marshall Maxeke. He
graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1905. She and her husband
returned to South Africa and founded the Wilberforce Institute.
In the African Methodist Episcopal Church she was
elected President of the Women's Missionary Society. From 1919, she became
active in legislation and was a co-founder of the Bantu Women's League. She was
the organizer of the Women's Missionary Society in Johannesburg.
She and her husband established a school at Evaton
on the Witwatersrand and went on to teach and evangelize elsewhere, including
Thembuland in the Transkei under King Sabata Dalindyebo. Charlotte participated
in the king's court, an unprecedented privilege for a woman. They then settled
in Johannesburg. She became the first African woman bailiff. She and her
husband attended the launch of the South African Native National Congress
(SANNC) in Bloemfontein in 1913. She participated in the formation of the Industrial
and Commercial Workers' Union (UTI) in 1920, and set up an employment agency
for Africans in Johannesburg. She was the first black woman to become a
probation officer for juvenile offenders. Charlotte was often honored as
"Mother of Freedom for Black People in South Africa." In Tanzania, a
nursery school is named after him. Johannesburg Hospital was renamed Charlotte
Maxeke Hospital in her honor.[47]
On the frontline of social issues in Kenya
The United Methodist Church in Nakuru, Kenya, began
under a tree in 2003 with the leadership of the Rev. Josam Kariuki. He is
married and the father of three daughters. Josam gave up his career as a
pharmacist. He said that God wanted him full-time with the children. Convinced
that he had given him a vision, he believed that God would also give him the
provision. Today the Church has its own building, a nursery school for orphans
and poor children, the learning center for women, etc.
The Church has a Wesley Mission Medical Clinic,
shelters street children, has a boarding school for orphans, a preschool, a
Hope Children's Home, a Women's Habilitation Center, computer training for
youth, and the Wheelchair Project. One of the interesting projects is the
"Goat Project". According to Josam, goat's milk is recommended for
people living with HIV/AIDS because it boosts their immunity. The project is to
give each family a goat to raise. Under Josam's leadership, the Wesley Mission
Clinic served more than 120 pastors from different denominations for voluntary
HIV testing at the Wesley Clinic during the celebration of World AIDS Day. The
clinic received test kits donated by the Ministry of Health. Josam plans to
continue testing for HIV/AIDS to help anyone in the community
The Wesley Mission Health Center is fully equipped
and offers primary health care services, including maternity. Josam travels to
distribute medicine at a low cost to save children from the parasites they
catch through the water. In one year it saved 80,000 children. It even has a
funding program to help people get loans to start their own businesses. The
Methodist Church of the Nakuru district has been at the forefront of many
social issues, such as health, peace and justice. The church also operates a
rescue center for orphans and girls abused by social injustices, such as rape.[48]
First
successful mission with U.S. Indians
John Stewart (1786-1823) was born in Powhatan
County, Virginia. His parents were black, free, Baptist and of good
reputation. Stewart can go to school. He was a frail and sick child. When his
parents moved to Tennessee, they left him in Virginia until he was twenty-one.
Around 1811, Stewart traveled west looking for his parents. He was the victim
of a gang of thieves who stole everything from him. He started drinking and
contemplated suicide.
One day he heard the preaching of a Methodist and
was converted. Prayers and class meetings helped him a lot. Later, he became an
apprentice on a sugar farm. In 1815, he survived a four-year battle with
tuberculosis and felt that he was being called to spread the word of God among
the Indians. He moved to Sandusky, Ohio, working among the Wyandotte Indians.
During the winter of 1816, it successfully converted some chiefs and tribal
members and is considered the first successful Methodist mission among the Indians
of the United States. In early 1817, Stewart felt that something more radical
had to be done. He prayed daily for the outpouring of the Holy Spirit and power
came upon them.
In 1817, Stewart left Southern Ohio. When he
returned, the tribe had discovered that he was not licensed to
preach. In 1819, he obtained the license and again gained the
confidence of the Wyandottes. Stewart fought his superstitions and John Hicks,
a chief, said, "These things are part of the religion of our
forefathers." On August 7, 1819, the Annual Conference of the Methodist
Episcopal Church in Ohio established the first official mission to the Indians.
Around 1820, Stewart married a
mulatto woman named Polly.
He died in 1823 at the age of 37. His
work at Wyandotte is considered by many to be the first Methodist mission in
America.[49]
The lion of black America
Frederick Douglass or Frederick Augustus Washington
Bailey (1818-1895) was born in Talbot County, Maryland, USA. It was first sold
at the age of six. At the age of 12 he learned the alphabet, to read and write.
At age 13, he was converted with the preaching of a white Methodist minister.
In 1838, he escaped by boarding a train passing through Philadelphia,
Wilmington, and the Baltimore Railroad. He adopted the surname Douglass. He
married Anna Murray and they had five children. He was widowed in 1882 and married
Helen Pitts in 1884. He began attending lectures at the American Anti-Slavery
Society and became a leader in the local black community and became a member of
the Zion African Methodist Episcopal Church in New York. He was superintendent
of the Sunday School and a licensed preacher in 1839.
In 1839, he
published articles in the Liberator newspaper and became a professor at the Massachusetts
Anti-Slavery Society. He later published his own newspaper, O Estrela do
Norte (1847-1851). For two years, he was in Britain talking about the evils
of slavery and managed to raise funds to buy his legal freedom. In 1872,
Douglass became the first African American candidate as vice president of the
United States as Victoria Woodhull's running mate. He was a champion of
women's rights. During the Civil War, Douglass became a recruiter for the
Massachusetts regiment and met with Abraham Lincoln to discuss the unequal
treatment of black soldiers and contingency plans. His house was destroyed by
arson and he went to Washington in 1872.
In 1889, he went as U.S. consul general to Haiti.
It was called "The Lion of Black America." Among the many tributes he
received, a statue of him was placed in Central Park, in New York, in 2010. He
was an abolitionist,activisthuman rights,writerand diplomat. He was an eminentAmericanof his time and one of the
most influential in U.S. history.[50]
The
conductor of a generation in Argentina
Juan Francisco Thomson (1843-1933) was born in
Plymouth, England. His parents emigrated to Argentina in 1853. In his youth,
Thomson studied, worked in commerce, and attended prayer meetings with Rev.
William Goodfelow, Superintendent of the South American Mission since 1856. He
wanted to start the work in Spanish. Thomson was converted and involved in
evangelism. Goodfelow encouraged him to study theology at Ohio Wesleyan
University, USA, where he married Elena Goodfellow, Goodfelow's niece. He
returned to Buenos Aires in 1866.
Thomson was chosen for the first preaching in
Spanish, on May 25, 1867. There were people in the corridors, stairs, and even
behind the pulpit. The vast majority were of European origin. Thomson was a
brilliant orator, and in 1868 he began organizing English- and Spanish-speaking
congregations in a hostile secular milieu. He faced strong controversies of an
intellectual-religious nature. In the late 1860s, he began preaching in Spanish
in Montevideo. In 1881, Thomson began preaching in Asunción, Paraguay. One of
his remarkable conversions was that of Don Francisco Silva, a former slave
converted at the age of 100 inspired by the prayers of Juan Thomson. He had
been an ardent Catholic until he joined the Methodist Church.
Thomson was ardent in preaching. He exchanged ideas
with the community to the point that Jose Bartlle y Ordónez,President
of the RepublicUruguay (1903-1907and1911-1915), to say that Juan Thomson
was the maestro of youth in the past generation, from which he was formed.
Thomson was also the driving force behind the creation of the Society for the
Protection of Animals (SPCA) on August 21, 1879, in Buenos Aires. In 1943, Juan
Carlos Vareto published the book "El apóstol del plata: Juan F.
Thomson".[51]
A
voice from Ceylon to the world
Daniel Thambyrajah Niles (1908-1970) was born in
Jaffna, Ceylon (Sri Lanka). Son of a district judge. He studied at Jaffna
Central College and graduated from United Theological College, Bangalore, India
(1920-1933). Then he won a scholarship for a doctorate at the University of
London. In 1935, he married Dulcie Solomons and they had two children. He
taught at Jaffna Central College until 1936. He attended and spoke at the World
Council of Churches in Amsterdam (1948), Evanston (1954) and Uppsala (1968). He
was secretary-general of the National Christian Council of Ceylon; president of
the Youth Department of the World Council of Churches (1948 -1952); Executive
Secretary of the Department of Evangelism of the World Council of Churches
(1953-1959), etc. He was one of the presidents of the World Council of
Churches.
In 1957, he helped found the East Asian Christian
Conference by becoming its first General Secretary, and then president in 1968.
He was a Methodist pastor at Point Pedro (1946-1950); Maradana (1950-1953);
Jaffna Central College (1956-1962); minister superintendent of St. Peter's
Church, Jaffna (1953-1959). In 1964, he was elected president of the North
Ceylon Synod and president of the Ceylon Methodist Conference. He promoted the
use of indigenous languages in local church music and Asian hymns by editing the
hymnal for the East Asia Christian Conference in 1963, contributing 44 hymns.
Among his books are: Buddhism and the Claims of Christ (1967); The Message and
Its Messengers: Missions Today and Tomorrow (1966). In 1968, he was elected
president of the Methodist Church. His vocation was to be an evangelist, a
witness to the living Christ as a personal savior. He was one of the world's
best-known Christian leaders.[52]
Leader of the Miners' Association
Thomas Hepburn (1795-1864) was born in Durham of
Pelton, England. His father died in a mining accident, leaving a widow and
three children. Hepburn began working at the Urpeth coal mine at the age of
eight. He received a meager education, but he was an intelligent child. He read
the Bible since he was a child and was concerned with education all his life.
He took every opportunity to study. He joined the Primitive Methodists, and in
1822 he became a lay preacher. He preached against the evils of drunkenness and
appealed to them to trust in God. Thus, he developed the ability to persuade,
organize and speak in public.
Hepburn married in 1820 and then went to a colliery
in Jarrow and then to the Hetton colliery. In 1830, Hepburn sought to revive a
mining union. In early 1831, he led mass meetings at which grievances were
voiced and steps taken to form the miners' union. In August 1831, Hepburn was
elected as its organizer. The miners were victorious by obtaining a reduction
in working hours. Hepburn worked hard to keep men together, moderate and
law-abiding. In 1832, there was a rupture in the union with violence. Hepburn
was destitute and sought to sell tea to support the family. In 1844, when the
great mining strike began, some miners begged Hepburn to lead, but he refused.
After years of hardship, he went to work in a coal mine, at Felling, until
1859. Ill, he died in 1864.
In 1875, a headstone was erected over his grave
extolling his leadership for shorter working hours and better education for
miners. He is recognized as one of the pioneers of trade unionism. In 1974,
Hepburn was included in a small group of early labor leaders to issue
commemorative postage stamps. The Thomas Hepburn Scholarly Community at Felling
is named in his honour.[53]
From slavery to hero of Sierra Leone
John Ezzidio (1810-1872)
was born in Nupe, now Nigeria. He was a child when he was kidnapped by slave
traders and taken to Freetown, Sierra Leone. In 1827, it was sold to slave
traders bound for Brazil. The ship, however, was intercepted by the British Royal
Navy and Ezzidio and the other 541 slaves were taken to Freetown, Sierra Leone,
in 1827. He was apprenticed to a French merchant and taught himself to read and
write and became a successful businessman and successful politician in Sierra
Leone. He was Mayor of Freetown and a member of the Legislative Council of the
colonial governor. In 1835, he went to the Wesleyan Methodist Church and was an
exhorter, class leader, and local preacher. His sincere feelings made him an
ardent preacher.
After the Frenchman's
death, Ezzidio was hired by an English company. He managed a shop owned by
Europeans and then used the money to start his own company in 1841. The general
overseer of the Wesleyan Mission, Rev. Thomas Dove, was so impressed with Ezzidio
that in 1842 he took him to England and introduced him to businessmen. Through
direct importation, Ezzidio eliminated the intermediaries of goods. He became
rich. He was a
councilman (1844) and mayor (1845).
He was known for his
impartiality and discretion. He described himself as an "oracle" of
the people. As a prominent man, he made a number of petitions to the British
authorities in London on various administrative matters for Sierra Leone. In 1863,
he was supervisor of the Wesleyan Mission. In 1863, he was the first African to
join the Leone Serra Legislative Council (1863-1871) and receive the title of
"Commander". He was invested with great responsibility and dignity.
He is remembered for the largest donation to a Church celebration in 1864. In
1872, he received the title of "sir". His success was through faith,
intelligence, determination, and hard work. He is considered one of Sierra
Leone's heroes.[54]
Pioneer in girls' education in Singapore
Sophia Blackmore
(1857-1945) was born in Goulburn, New South Wales, Australia. His family was a
devout Christian who had had contacts with important missionaries such as David
Livingstone. Sophia went to India to serve as a missionary in
China. But when she met with Rev. William Oldham, founder of the Methodist
Mission in Singapore, she was convinced to go to Malaya. Before, she took Malay
classes in Moraújo, where she was also officiated at the Methodist Episcopal
Church.
In Singapore, within a
month, she founded the Methodist Girls' School in 1887, and then the Fairfield
Methodist School. She fought against the mentality that girls don't need
education. Sophia began to speak Malay fluently and translated hymns published in
the Baba Malay periodical, Sahabat. She saw the need for a home for
girls. Thus, on May 1, 1890, he created the Embarkation House, known
as the Nind Casa, for runaway girls, orphans, and abandoned schoolchildren.
Sophia preached in Malay on
Sundays to girls at Nind Início, for boys and workers at Missionary
Press. She was the first to direct the Bible Women's Training School
(1901-1903), which was organized to train women to perform the duties of Christian
social work.
She retired to Australia in
1927. In her memory, the school road was named Blackmore Drive. Today at
the Methodist Girls School there is the Sophia Blackmore Class with the
purpose of encouraging girls to develop their potential to the fullest to be
godly women of excellence with a heart of love.
She left a legacy as one of
the pioneers of girls' education in Singapore, as well as the founder of two
schools and a Methodist Church.[55]
The Martin Luther King of Sicily
Lucio Schiro (1877-1961)
was born in Park, Palermo, Italy. His parents were of Albanian origin. From
1908 he was a shepherd in Scicli, an agricultural center in southeastern Sicily
and an environment of exploitation for landowners. He founded "The Simplist"
(1913-1915 and 1919-1924), an organ of the Methodist Church attentive to the
local situation and the issues of national politics. Schiro was fascinated by
the spirituality of John Wesley. He went to be a shepherd in Umbria and founded
a primary school for the children of farmers.
He was elected councilor in
Modica. When war came in Europe, as a pacifist, he ardently fought against the
war as barbarous and unchristian. Schiro was a charismatic speaker who quoted
the Bible linking it to socialism. His weapons were the word, to discuss, to
dialogue. In 1919, he was elected secretary of the Syracuse Socialist
Federation. He was detested by the fascists, who persecuted him. In 1920, he
became mayor of Scicli and vice-president of the Syracuse Provincial Council.
He and his family were threatened and he was forced to resign as mayor. Lucio
was wounded and his only objective was to fight for peace and the unity of the
entire community.
In 1921, he wrote, "we
have to go to preach the Gospel, to build consciences, to teach people in
schools." As a Methodist pastor and school principal, he was warned and
monitored by the fascists. In 1924, the fascist regime closed "The Simplist".
In 1943, fascism fell and Schiro resumed his place in the PSI and was one of
the leaders in the provincial headquarters. He was president of the Committee
for the purification of Ragusa.
He was mayor of Scicli
(1944-1947) and leader of the Peace Movement. He was an unarmed fighter. He had
unshakable faith and was able to prove to the world that we can practice the
greatest commandment: "Love your neighbor as yourself." He was one of
the most representative and charismatic figures of Italian Methodism of the
twentieth century.[56]
The most famous poet in Wales
Ann Griffiths (1776 -1805)
was born near the village of Llanfihangel-Yng-Ngwynfa in Wales. She
was the daughter of John Evan Thomas, a tenant farmer and sacristan, and his
wife, Jane. His father belonged to a circle of poets and was an Anglican. His
parents' home was a secluded farm-house nestled among mountains and streams.
His family lived comfortably financially. It was a time of change and of the
Methodist revival. In 1795, Methodist preacher Edward Watkin of Llanidloes was
stoned. The Methodists were frowned upon and ridiculed in the Anglican milieu
where Ann lived.
Ann was taller than average
and stately in appearance, but she was soft in character. He had long dark
hair. His eyes were bright. She was somewhat frail, but strong in character.
Ann was raised in the Anglican Church. At the age of 18, in 1794, his mother
died. In 1796, she heard the open-air preaching of Rev. Benjamin Jones of
Pwllheli and joined the Calvinistic Methodist movement, after several spiritual
experiences. With the death of her father, in 1804, Ann and her brother John
began to manage the farm.
She saw the Bible as a rich
tapestry of the divine Author all revolving around Jesus Christ. In Ann's work
there is a deep desire for holiness. In 1804, she married Thomas Griffiths, a
farmer and member of the Methodist Church. She died after childbirth at the age
of 29, in 1805. His legacy was to leave several verses in the Welsh language.
About two-thirds of these stanzas were published, with other authors, in the
Casgliad o Hymnau ['The collection of hymns'], in 1806. There are 73 stanzas
that are attributed to Ann. They form 30 hymns. Ann's poems express her fervent
faith and show great biblical knowledge. She is the most prominent author of
hymns in Welsh. His longest poem has been described as "one of the
majestic songs in the religious poetry of Europe". Ann's hymns are
regarded as one of the highlights of Welsh literature. Since the nineteenth
century, Ann has become a prominent icon in the Welsh language. Much has been
written about his life and work, through novels, dramas, films and numerous
poems.[57]
The
theologian of the Methodist movement
Adam
Clarke (1760 or 1762-1832) was born in the village of Moybeg, in present-day Northern Ireland. He had
a limited education and worked as an apprentice to a clothing manufacturer and
on his father's farm. He was full of life, but he did not like to study. His
mother was a Presbyterian and his father was an Anglican. After being ridiculed
by his classmates, he began to study avidly and became a studious student.
In 1777,
at the age of 17, he heard the Methodist John Brettel preach and was converted.
He proceeded to walk three or four miles to the Methodist meeting. He began to
study the Bible and visited the surrounding villages exhorting. In 1782 one of
the preachers of the Londonderry circuit saw in him a promise and wrote to
Wesley, who invited him to the Methodist School of Kingswood. He was the
youngest preacher of Methodism. Like Wesley, he learned to read in his cell
while traveling on horseback, starting every day at five o'clock in the
morning. In the Norwich Circuit alone, he took 450 sermons during 11 months.
He
married Mary Cooke in 1788. He wrote theWesley Family Memories(1823). He
mastered several languages, among them: Latin, Hebrew, Chaldean and Western
European languages. Three times he was president of the Methodist conference
(1806, 1814, 1822). He served twice on the circuit ofLondon. The British and Foreign Bible Society hired him
to work on the preparation of the Bible inArabic. His great work was his
commentary on theHoly Scriptures(6
vols., 1810-1826). It took him 40 years to write his commentary on the Bible.
Each volume consists of about 1,000 and has been considered the most detailed
commentary on the Bible prepared by one person. Adam Clarke has received many
honors. He reinforced the teachings of John Wesley. He was a biblical Methodist
theologian.[58]
Owner of a store empire and class leader
Levi Lapper Morse (1853-1913) was born in England.
He was the son of Charles and Rebecca. His father was a preacher in the Early
Methodist Church and was the first of his family to become an exhorter in
Swindon. Morse had his business premises at the foot of Eastcott Hill where he
held meetings with songs and prayers. Morse's trading empire began in Stratton
St. Margaret in the 1830s. He was a devout Methodist, and in 1849 he financed
the construction of Regent Street Church, Swindon. The grounds of his home were
fenced off for meetings of the Early Methodist Church. Levi was educated at
Swindon High School. Levi and a brother took over their father's business. His
branch was a shop and he set up the successful chain of shops in Swindon. He
owned Morse's department store in Regent Street, Swindon. He owned a chain of
other shops in the southwest of England and also ran a mail-order business.
In 1875, Levi married Winifred Elizabeth Humphries
(1848-1919). He was an alderman in Wiltshire County Council, and in 1893 was
appointed justice of the peace. In 1901, he was Mayor of Swindon. In Stratton,
he was a local preacher and organist. At Swindon he became Sunday School
Superintendent and a class leader. Levi served as missionary treasurer of the
District for nine years, In 1896 he was elected Vice-President of the
Conference of the Early Methodist Church. In 1908, he was one of the members of
the British group of the Inter-Parliamentary Union that participated in the
conference in Berlin. Levi was a member of three ecumenical conferences. He was
a delegate to the centennial conference in Toronto in 1913. On the monument
where he was buried, it is written: "His numerous acts of beneficence were
performed in silence, and because he did good by caution, he helped those who
needed help most." Morse Street, on the Commercial Road, gets its name.[59]
Founded
the jam company Hartley's
William Pickles Hartley (1846-1922) was born in
Colne, Lancashire, England. The only child of John and Margaret, who
worked as a grocer. From the age of twelve, Hartley was organist of the Early
Methodist Church in Colne. He studied at the British School and then
studied at the Grammar School. She left school at the age of 14 to work
with her mother. At the age of 16, he started his own grocery business. Had a
problem with a jam supplier and decided to produce his own jam with an
excellent quality and a suitable price attracting many buyers. Production
reached 100 tons in the first year. In 1877, he decided to give a proportion of
the income to the Methodist Church and charities. In 1874, he built a factory
in Bootle.
In 1866, he married Martha and they had nine
children. In 1880, he went to Southport where his daughter Christina became the
first female mayor. In 1885, William Hartley & Sons Ltd was
registered. In 1888, he built the "Hartley village" in Aintree with
71 houses for the workers. In 1889, he introduced a profit-sharing scheme and
free medical treatment. He financed hospitals in Colne, Liverpool and London
and departments at universities in Liverpool and Manchester. He supported Primitive Methodism in the
construction of chapels.
Hartley opened a new factory in Aintree (1886) and
London (1901) where the factory employed 700 people producing 400 tons of fruit
per week and ten million jars of canning per year. In 1907, his factory
produced 14,500 tons of jam. Hartley applied Christian principles in business.
In 1896, the Church created the Hartley Conferences. In 1906 the theological
college of Manchester was renamedHartley College.He was vice-president
of the conference (1892) and president of the conference of the Primitive
Methodists (1909). In 1908, Hartley boughtHolburn Town Hallfor £31,000
to Church headquarters.[60]
He translated the Bible into the Dobu language
William Edward Bromilow (1857-1929) was born in
Geelong, Victoria, Australia. He studied at Grenville College, Ballarat and
taught at Queenscliff State School (1876–1877). At the age of 21, in 1878, he
began his experimental ministry in the Wimmera district of Victoria, in the
Wesleyan Methodist Church.
In 1879, he was ordained and married Harriet. He
went as a missionary to Fiji where he stayed for ten years. He then returned to
Victoria and served for a year at the Box Hill circuit. He was Secretary of
Foreign Mission. When the Church decided to go to southeastern British New
Guinea, he volunteered as a missionary.
In 1891, they reached Samarai (an island in Papua
New Guinea). There were several missionaries, including twenty-two teachers.
They soon began to learn the Dobuan language. The headquarters were on Dobu
Island. Bromilow was the District President and pioneer missionary to the
maritime islands of British New Guinea (Papua). In 1908, Bromilow and his wife
retired from Papua for health reasons.
They returned to Australia and Bromilow was on
various circuits in Sydney; he worked on the Mission Board (1913-1920) and
received a doctorate. In 1910 and 1911, he was elected President of the New South Wales Methodist Conference. He
graduated in 1910 from the University of Aberdeen for his work in translating
the language of New Guinea.
With the shortage of missionaries, he volunteered
again in Papua (1920-1924). One legacy he left was the translation of the Bible
into the Dobu language. In 1908, he published the New Testament, which was
revised in 1925 and published in 1927. In 1929, he published "Twenty Years
Among Primitive Papuans".[61]
Created the first grammar in Guaymi in Panama
Efraim Simeon Alphonse (1896-1995) was born on the
island of Carenero, in Bocas del Toro Province, Panama. His father, John
Alphonse, was from Martinique and his mother, Carlotha Reid, was from
Nicaragua. Alphonse was educated at a Spanish School in Bocas del Toro between
1903 and 1920. He then went to Kingston, Jamaica, to study at Calabar
Theological College (1924-1926). He had begun his professional life as a
mechanical engineer.
Sent as a missionary by the British Methodist
Church, Ephraim established a mission field among the Guaymi Indians
(1926-1927), living, working, and meeting his wife among the Valiente Indians.
He married Filberta Ogilvie Alphonse, the daughter of a Columbia native. She
helped Ephraim in his translations, music and dissemination. Ephraim was a
prolific writer and translator. He wrote the first grammar in Guaymi and
grammar and vocabulary in Hindustani, Spanish and English. Even though he was
ill, he translated the four Gospels into Guaymi, ran five schools, and pastored
many new churches in the area and throughout the Caribbean. He was a composer
and compiled a hymnal and a catechism. He was a playwright. He wrote and staged
the following plays in Jamaica, "Youth in Time and Eternity" and
"The Gospel Ship". He is the author of "Entre Corajosas"
etc. In 1938, he traveled to Costa Rica, France and England.
He was later elected bishop of the Methodist Church
(MCCA). He was a linguist and created the Guaymi-English-Spanish dictionary. In
1963, he received the Order of Vasco Núñez de Balboa from the government, the
highest honor given to Panamanian citizens. Among his books are: "Guaymí
grammar and dictionary: with some ethnological notes" (1956) and
"Autobiography of Rev. Dr. Ephraim John Alphonse: my debt to God is
unpayable", published in 1994. He is cited as a remarkable Panamanian, a
humble servant of God who worked tirelessly among the needy people.[62]
[1] Research:http://www.prohansen.org/#!fpheuniceweaver/c1hw2
http://www.mocavo.com/The-Encyclopedia-of-World-Methodism-Vol-2-J-Z-Volume-2/311448/1122
[2]Photo
credit: Added by:George Seitz. Photo
source: http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?GRid=3255&page=gr
Search:
http://www.nndb.com/people/167/000207543/
http://www.bechtel.com/about-us/history/warren-a-bechtel/
http://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/15/obituaries/stephen-d-bechtel-is-dead-at-88-led-major-construction-concern.html
Search: http://centrodeartigo.com/articulos-educativos/article_3286.html
http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/
http://www.faqs.org/health/bios/5/Howard-Atwood-Kelly.html
www.medind.nic.in/jaq/t10/i5/jaqt10i5p392.pdf
[4] Research:http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McGregor
www.avfc.co.uk/page/.../0,,10265~2552213,00.html
www.freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/.../willia.
www.electricscotland.com/.../mcgregor_william.htm
http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-birmingham-16247593
[5] Research:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Arthur_Rank,_1st_Baron_Rank
http://vciclassicfilms.wordpress.com/rank/
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0710217/bio?ref_=nm_ov_bio_sm
http://www.hullcc.gov.uk/museumcollections/collections/storydetail.php?irn=144&master=454
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gongman
https://www.thegenealogist.co.uk/featuredarticles/2013/from-self-raising-flour-to-hair-raising-excitement-120/
[6] Research:http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamerlan_Tsarnaev
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzhokhar_and_Tamerlan_Tsarnaev
http://www.patheos.com/blogs/mercynotsacrifice/2013/05/11/martha-mullen-a-christian-antigone/
http://www.zoominfo.com/p/Martha-Mullen/1972311379
http://andrew-umc.org/social/tim/577-what-would-martha-mullen-do.html
[7] Photo
credit:Margaret Benedict. Photo
source:http://www.amazon.com/An-American-Entrepreneur-Founder-Hallmark/dp/1438905726
Search: http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/businesses/G-L/Hall-Joyce-C.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joyce_Hall
http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/articles/pages/6262/Hall-J-C.html#ixzz3U5ZLdBJS
http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/articles/pages/6262/Hall-J-C.html
[8] Photo
credit: personal archive (www.madamcjwalter.com). Photo source:http://www.innerchildmagazine.com/feature-of-the-month.php
Search: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madam_C._J._Walker
http://inventors.about.com/od/wstartinventors/a/MadameWalker.htm
http://www.indianahistory.org/teachers-students/hoosier-facts-fun/famous-hoosiers/madame-c.j.-walker
http://www.notablebiographies.com/Tu-We/Walker-Madame-C-J.html
http://newsone.com/1592885/first-african-american-millionaire-madam-cj-walker/
Search: http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolworth
http://www.sitins.com/headline_021060b.shtml
http://www.4rvhs.org/woolchur.html
http://www.nndb.com/people/992/000167491/
Search: http://www.mdig.com.br/?itemid=11788
http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/businesses/M-Z/Gamble-James-Norris.html
wwe.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gamble_(industrialist
www.nndb.com/people/815/000169308/
www.referenceforbusiness.com
http://www.mdig.com.br/?itemid=11788
http://iagenweb.org/page/histories/1890/p804.html
http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/businesses/M-Z/Gamble-James-Norris.html
[11]Research:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Miller_(philanthropist)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaper
www.babylon.com/definition/Lewis_Miller.../Englis
http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.5779:3:7.lincoln
http://www.akronempire.com/2015/05/akron-history-lewis-miller.html
[12] Photo
credit: Courtesy of Ferdinand Hamburger Jr/ Johns Hopkins University Archive.
Photo
source: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12776&page=2
Search: http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/William_F._Albright
http://www.bibleinterp.com/articles/albright5.shtml
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_F._Albright
http://www.scribd.com/doc/29335681/A-Biography-of-William-Foxwell-Albright
[13] Research:http://mcclurgmuseum.org/blog/tag/thomas-bramwell-welch/
http://www.evi.com/q/thomas_bramwell_welch_biography
http://www.yatedo.com/p/Thomas+Bramwell+Welch/famous/2668f5a2e4437882edfecdd39aa4ae72
http://www.encyclo.co.uk/define/Thomas
Welch
www.nndb.com/people/974/000165479/
Search: http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavus_Franklin_Swift
http://www.answers.com/topic/gustavus-franklin-swift-1
http://www.geni.com/people/Gustavus-Swift/6000000017576375243
http://www.ask.com/question/what-did-gustavus-swift-invent
[15] http://www.tabernaculo.com.br/arquivo/2001/junho/paginas/testemunhos.htm
www.wbo.llgc.org.uk/en/s-HUGH-PRI-1847.html
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh
http://books.google.com.br/books/about/Hugh_Price_Hughes.html?id=rH3kAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y
http://www.keithshistories.com/photos.php?pgid=3&photoid=1336209219
http://www.amazon.com/Hugh-Price-Hughes-Conscience-Conformity/dp/0708314686
[16] Research:www.dannybia.com/danny/cchinos/aut/f/a/n/fanny_jc.htm
http://www.christianitytoday.com/ch/131christians/poets/crosby.html
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanny_Crosby
www.dannybia.com/danny/cchinos/aut/f/a/n/fanny_jc.htm
http://www.dannybia.com/danny/cchinos/aut/f/a/n/fanny_jc.htm
[17] Research:http://news.investors.com/management-leaders-in-success/122004-403907-inventor-john-wesley-hyatt-break-new-ground-flexibility-and-drive-helped-him-kindle-the-plastics-industry.htm
www.plastics.com
›... › Plastics Historical
http://www.plastics.com/content/articles/1/3/The-History-of-Celluloid/Page3.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wesley_Hyatt
[18] Research:http://www.independent.org/newsroom/article.asp?id=1949
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branch_Rickey
www.scenicsciotoheritagetrail.com/id42.html
www.encyclopedia.com
›... › Sports: Biographies
www.sports.jrank.org/.../Rickey-Wesley-Branch-Raised-on
www.socrates58.blogspot.com/.../jackie-robinson
[19] Research:www.gcah.org
›... › Biographies › Leader Bio
www.biography.yourdictionary.com/john-r-mott
www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/.../mott-bio.html
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mot
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1946/mott-bio.html
[20]Research:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Tai-Young
http://worldmethodistcouncil.org/whatwedo/world-methodist-peace-award/recipients/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Tai-Young
http://www.rmaf.org.ph/newrmaf/main/awardees/awardee/biography/229
http://www.koreafocus.or.kr/design2/layout/content_print.asp?group_id=101999
[21]Search: http://www.nndb.com/people/335/000105020/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wesley_Powell
http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2012/05/17/john-wesley-powell-soldier-explorer-scientist/
[22] Photo credit: Ohio Historical Society.Photo source:https://www.pinterest.com/pin/452259987556043262/
Search: http://www.historiasocultas.com/2013/10/11/voc%C3%AA-sabia-que-h%C3%A1-uma-lista-n%C3%A3o-exaustiva-de-inventores-e-cientistas-negros/
http://www.answers.com/topic/granville-woods
http://genforum.genealogy.com/woods/messages/7440.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granville_Woods
[23] Research:http://coca-cola.wikia.com/wiki/Asa_Griggs_Candler
http://www.geni.com/people/Asa-Griggs-Candler-founder-of-Coca-Cola-Company/6000000010526401141
http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Candler-1
www.pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asa_Griggs_Candler
www.giantsforgod.com/asa-candler-coca-cola/
[24] Research:http://www.abbott.co.in/about-us-comapny-history.html
http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=12246023
http://www.nndb.com/lists/870/000071657/
http://www.ravenswoodhistorical.com/tours/a-walking-tour-of-old-ravenswood/ravenswood-united-methodist-church/
Search: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Reed_Army_Medical_Center
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Reed
www.nndb.com/people/697/000091424/
http://yellowfever.lib.virginia.edu/reed/reed.html
http://www.answers.com/topic/walter-reed
www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/.../Walter-Ree.
[26]Research:http://marknmanuel.weebly.com/articles/virtues-of-abad-santos-extolled-today
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José_Abad_Santos
https://www.facebook.com/umcphilippines/.../15819...
[27] Research:http://sluggerotoole.com/2005/10/03/profile_reveren/
www.news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk...ireland/4283674.stm
www.creighton.edu/.../news/.../haroldgoodnr093011
www.htmlsite.methodist.org.sg/.../wmpeaceaward.html
http://blogs.owu.edu/connect2/the-reverend-dr-harold-good-awarded-honorary-owu-degree/
[28] Research:http://www.metodista.org.br/eecsn-warwick-estevam-kerr
http://bloglbmg.wordpress.com/2013/04/09/geneticistas-brasileiros-warwick-estevam-kerr/
http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warwick_Estevam_Kerr
http://www.metodista.org.br/eecsn-warwick-estevam-kerr
http://www.ebras.bio.br/entomol/entomol_desc.asp?code=0E1E3B078
[29] Research:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otis_Gibson
http://www.chinesecommunityumc.org/aboutus.htm
http://archives.dickinson.edu/people/otis-gibson-1826-1889
[30]Research:www.ipsbooks.usp.ac.fj/product_details.php?category_id=14&item_id=380
www.aim25.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search2?coll_id=5490&inst_id=19
–
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Fiji
www.chrisfieldblog.com/2008/06/13/john-hunt-to-fiji
[31]Photo
credit: Public domain in the United States. Photo source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clara_Swain
Search: http://xntdnn.azurewebsites.net/gcsrw3/Leadership/WomeninUMChistory.aspx
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clara_Swain
http://www.fofweb.com/History
http://www.christianity.com/church/church-history/timeline/1801-1900/no-rest-for-a-weary-clara-swain-11630553.html
[32] https://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/physicians/030002-2000-e.html
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Banting
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sir-frederick-grant-banting/
http://www.nndb.com/people/843/000126465/
[33]http://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/clough-david-l-1968
https://www.chester.ac.uk/departments/trs/staff/clough
https://www.chester.ac.uk/node/33642
http://catholicmoraltheology.com/peter-singer-david-clough-company-debate-on-animals/
https://www.amazon.com/Animals-Systematic-Theology-Clark/dp/0567139484
http://becreaturekind.org/who-we-are/
http://becreaturekind.org/tag/david-clough/
https://www.amazon.co.uk/David-Clough/e/B001JP2YCM
https://www.chester.ac.uk/departments/trs/staff/clough
[34] https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Antiguan+Methodism+and+Antislavery+Activity%3A+Anne+and+Elizabeth+Hart...-a065541447
http://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/hart-sisters-antigua
https://www.questia.com/library/2718572/the-hart-sisters-early-african-caribbean-writers
https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-3444700586.html
[35] http://biblehub.com/library/wesley/the_journal_of_john_wesley/a_methodist_isaac_newton.htm
http://www.methodistheritage.org.uk/wesleycottagetrewint.htm
http://www.wesley-fellowship.org.uk/Trewint.html
http://thirskandnorthallertoncircuit.org.uk/methodist-circuit-churches/sandhutton-methodist-church/
http://weeklywesley.blogspot.com.br/2010/12/john-murlin-methodist-preacher.html
[36] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borden_Parker_Bowne
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Borden_Parker_Bowne
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[37] http://www.umc.org/news-and-media/harper-lee-was-united-methodist-in-word-deed
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harper_Lee
http://www.biography.com/people/harper-lee-9377021#later-years
[38] http://www.ruiramos.com.br/v1/images/Ruy%20Ramos%20setembro%202011%20.pdf
http://sapl.alegrete.rs.leg.br/sapl_documentos/materia/1306_texto_integral
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[39] http://www.emkweltmission.de/ueber-uns/ehem-missionar-brose-gestorben.html
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http://3re.metodista.org.br/conteudo.xhtml?c=11465
www.cpvsp.org.br/upload/periodicos/pdf/PUCBCRJ081972018.pdf
http://www.sinprorp.org.br/Jornal_comunicacao/comunicacao-75.htm
http://www.emkweltmission.de/suchergebnis.html
WWW.newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/.../1958.../seq-1.pdf
http://www.bsbrigade.com/forums/archive/index.php?t-10697.html
[40] *Johnny
Appleseed (1774-1845) was a legendary American, missionary and apple seed planter.(https://www.google.com.br/?gws_rd=ssl#q=Johnny+Appleseed).
http://www.godeke.org/Psi_Phi/Ancestors_JohnIng.htm
http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=sh&GRid=29471625
http://japan-brand.jnto.go.jp/foods/fruits/7/
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Appleseed
[41] http://www.portadowntimes.co.uk/news/nephews-of-a-former-town-minister-perish-in-earthquake-1-1657558
http://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/rev-h-ormonde-mcconnell-1.153916
https://www.abebooks.com/book-search/author/h-ormonde-mcconnell/
https://www.amazon.com/Haiti-Diary-1933-Mission-Extraordinary/dp/B000ZTI81E
http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/6446245.H_Ormonde_McConnell
http://www.irishmethodist.org/presidents-blog-archive/201501
[42]www.nndb.com/people/411/000048267/
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Thompson
https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/.../Dorothy
www.biography.yourdictionary.com/dorothy-thompsono
www.en.metapedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Thompson
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Dorothy_Thompson
[43] http://soholondon.ca/?p=60
http://www.bytown.net/lawjohn.htm
http://www.worldfamilies.net/forum/index.php?topic=5296.10;wap2
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[44] http://exemplosdahistoria.blogspot.com.br/2012/11/martha-watts.html
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LANDER, J.M. The Granbery. Exhibitor Christão. Rio de Janeiro, July 27, 1899,
v. XII, nº30, p.8.
Missionaries in Session. Exhibitor Christão. Rio de Janeiro, January 10, 1891, v. VI, nº10, p.1.
http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro_Universit%C3%A1rio_Metodista_Izabela_Hendrix
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LUCCOCK,
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REILY,
Duncan A.História Documental do Protestantismo no Brasil. ASTE,
1984, p. 90-1.
MESQUITA, Peri – TAVARES, Luciana. Methodist
Missionary Women and Education in Brazil, from 1880 to 1930: The Education of
the Republican Elite. www2.pucpr.br/reol/index.php/DIALOGO?dd1=675&dd99=pdf
http://www.camarapiracicaba.sp.gov.br/camara07/index8.asp?id=1040
[45]*The
Capitol is the meeting place of theU.S. Congress, formed by theSenate(upper house) and theHouse of Representatives(lower house).
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capit%C3%B3lio_dos_Estados_Unidos
http://www.cbeinternational.org/files/u1/free-art/brp171_her_own_story.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Ripley
https://personalpedia.wordpress.com/2008/06/10/dorothy-ripley-1767-1832-believe-it-or-not/
http://www.politico.com/story/2015/01/this-day-in-politics-114159
[46] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazlehurst_%26_Sons
https://www.geni.com/people/Thomas-Hazelhurst/6000000021279261637
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hazlehurst_(businessman)
http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Hazlehurst_and_Sons
*"It
is a basic, ionic salt of an alkali metal or alkaline earth element of chemical
metal. An alkaline can also be defined as a base that dissolves in water"
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali).
**The Leblanc Process is an industrial
process for obtaining soda ash that fell into disuse at the end of the nineteenth century, developed
by the French chemist Nicolas Leblanc. The process consists first of the production of sodium sulfate from sodium chloride and its subsequent reaction with calcium carbonate, thus producing sodium
carbonate(https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processo_Leblanc).
[47] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Maxeke
http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/charlotte-n%C3%A9e-manye-maxeke
http://www.dacb.org/stories/southafrica/maxeke_charlotte.html
[48] http://dev.umc-gbcs.org/faith-in-action/clergy-take-lead-in-hiv-aids-testing-in-kenya
http://www.kintera.org/site/apps/nlnet/content.aspx?c=fsJNK0PKJrH&b=3758525&ct=476428
http://www.kemu.ac.ke/index.php/contact-us/campus-contacts-directions/nakuru-campus
https://www.facebook.com/324609328519/photos/pcb.10153815282878520/10153815280928520/?type=3
[49] http://www.blackpast.org/aah/stewart-john-1786-1823
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stewart_(missionary)
https://archive.org/stream/johnstewartmissi00love/johnstewartmissi00love_djvu.txt
http://www.fumcbellevue.org/sites/default/files/Famous%20Methodist%20Biographical%20Info.pdf
[50]http://www.pbs.org/thisfarbyfaith/people/frederick_douglass.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Douglasshttps://www.washingtonpost.com/national/on-faith/5-religious-facts-you-might-not-know-about-frederick-douglass/2013/06/19/25cca02e-d922-11e2-b418-9dfa095e125d_story.htmlhttp://www.biography.com/people/frederick-douglass-9278324
[51] http://iglesiametodista.org.ar/constitucion-y-reglamento-general-con-modificaciones-2007/
http://www.imu.org.uy/quienes-somos/
http://historiapolitica.com/datos/biblioteca/seiguer_jvi.pdf
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primera_Iglesia_Metodista_en_Buenos_Aires
http://www.elarcondelahistoria.com/la-sociedad-protectora-de-animales-2181879/
[52] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._T._Niles
http://profpaulomazarem.blogspot.com.br/2011/06/o-poder-da-palavra-dtniles.html
http://www.bu.edu/missiology/missionary-biography/n-o-p-q/niles-daniel-thambyrajah-1908-1970/
http://www.umcdiscipleship.org/resources/history-of-hymns-saranam-saranam
https://www.methodistreview.org/index.php/mr/article/view/136
http://archives.dailynews.lk/2004/06/30/fea05.html
[53] http://richardjohnbr.blogspot.com.br/2007/08/chartist-lives-thomas-hepburn.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hepburn
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hepburn
http://www.hettonlocalhistory.org.uk/documents/ThomasHepburn.pdf
http://www.durhamintime.org.uk/durham_miner/history_dma.pdf
[54] http://www.dacb.org/stories/sierraleone/ezzidio_john.html
http://www.natinpasadvantage.com/essays/The_Life_and_Times_of_John_Ezzidio.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ezzidio
http://www.sierra-leone.org/Heroes/heroes3.html
https://blackthen.com/john-ezzidio-successful-businessman-and-politician-of-sierra-leone/
[55] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophia_Blackmore
http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_1339_2008-10-10.html
http://www.singaporebiography.com/labels/Modern
Times.html
http://www.mgs.sch.edu.sg/secondary/others/key-programmes/sophia-blackmore-class
http://www.swhf.sg/the-inductees/16-education/135-sophia-blackmore
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[56] http://www.ragusanews.com/articolo/29252/lucio-schiro-il-pacifista-armato-della-parola
http://www.zephyro.it/zephyro/schedarecensioni.asp?ID=17&IDlibro=2946
http://www.peacelink.it/storia/a/6664.html
http://www.avvenire.it/Cultura/Pagine/SCHIR-.aspx
http://www.telenovaragusa.it/2012/11/30/omaggio-a-lucio-schiro/
http://tallanopsis.com/article/lucio-schiro
[57] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Griffiths
http://www.anngriffiths.cardiff.ac.uk/
http://www.anngriffiths.cardiff.ac.uk/introduction.html
[58] https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Clarke
https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/acc.html
http://www.imarc.cc/reghist/reghist5.html
http://sacred-texts.com/bib/cmt/clarke/index.htm
[59] http://www.myprimitivemethodists.org.uk/page/page_id__1603.aspx
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levi_Lapper_Morse
https://www.flickr.com/photos/swindonlocal/3829611315
http://swindonhistory.blogspot.com.br/2012/03/morses-store.html
http://collectionservice.info/article/31626128/the-croft/
http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/wilts/vol9/pp144-159
[60] http://www.myprimitivemethodists.org.uk/page_id__714.aspx
http://www.hartleychambers.com/familytree/people.php?person=00256
http://letslookagain.com/tag/william-pickles-hartley/
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[61] http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/bromilow-william-edward-5369
https://www.amazon.com/Twenty-years-among-primitive-Papuans/dp/B0008667JE
http://webjournals.ac.edu.au/ojs/index.php/ADEB/article/view/1368/1365
http://www.worldcat.org/title/twenty-years-among-primitive-papuans-with-plates/oclc/753007199/editions?referer=di&editionsView=true
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[62] http://stjonesenterprises.com/alphonse/?page_id=2
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https://thesilverpeopleheritage.wordpress.com/2012/03/04/bishop-ephraim-s-alphonse-a-giant-of-love/
https://library.soas.ac.uk/Search/Results?lookfor=%22Alphonse%2C+Ephraim+S.%22&type=Subject
http://stjonesenterprises.com/panamacybernews/panamanians/
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